Felix Holt : The Radical : By George Eliot ... In Three Volumes  " Upon the midlands now the industrious muse doth fall , The shires which we the heart of England well may call . · · · · · · · · My native country thou , which so brave spirits has bred , If there be virtues yet remaining in thy earth , Or any good of thine thou bred'st into my birth , Accept it as thine own , whilst now I sing of thee , Of all thy later brood the unworthiest though I be . "  Drayton : Polyolbion .  INTRODUCTION .  Five-and-Thirty years ago the glory had not yet departed from the old coach-roads : the great roadside inns were still brilliant with well-polished tankards , the smiling glances of pretty barmaids and the repartees of jocose ostlers ; the mail still announced itself by the merry notes of the horn ; the hedge-cutter or the rick-thatcher might still know the exact hour by the unfailing yet otherwise meteoric apparition of the pea-green Tally-ho or the yellow Independent ; and elderly gentlemen in pony-chaises , quartering nervously to make way for the rolling swinging swiftness , had not ceased to remark that times were finely changed since they used to see the pack-horses and hear the tinkling of their bells on this very highway .  In those days there were pocket boroughs , a Birmingham unrepresented in Parliament and compelled to make strong representations out of it , unrepealed corn-laws , three-and-sixpenny letters , a brawny and many-breeding pauperism , and other departed evils ; but there were some pleasant things too , which have also departed .  Non omnia grandior oetas quoe fugiamus habet , says the wise goddess : you have not the best of it in all things , O youngsters !  the elderly man has his enviable memories , and not the least of them is the memory of a long journey in mid-spring or autumn on the outside of a stage-coach .  Posterity may be shot , like a bullet through a tube , by atmospheric pressure from Winchester to Newcastle : that is a fine result to have among our hopes ; but the slow old-fashioned way of getting from one end of our country to the other is the better thing to have in the memory .  The tube-journey can never lend much to picture and narrative ; it is as barren as an exclamatory O !  Whereas the happy outside passenger seated on the box from the dawn to the gloaming gathered enough stories of English life , enough of English labours in town and country , enough aspects of earth and sky , to make episodes for a modern Odyssey .  Suppose only that his journey took him through that central plain , watered at one extremity by the Avon , at the other by the Trent .  As the morning silvered the meadows with their long lines of bushy willows marking the watercourses , or burnished the golden corn-ricks clustered near the long roofs of some midland homestead , he saw the full-uddered cows driven from their pasture to the early milking .  Perhaps it was the shepherd , head-servant of the farm , who drove them , his sheep-dog following with a heedless unofficial air as of a beadle in undress .  The shepherd with a slow and slouching walk , timed by the walk of grazing beasts , moved aside , as if unwillingly , throwing out a monosyllabic hint to his cattle ; his glance , accustomed to rest on things very near the earth , seemed to lift itself with difficulty to the coachman .  Mail or stage coach for him belonged to that mysterious distant system of things called " Gover'ment , " which , whatever it might be , was no business of his , any more than the most out-lying nebula or the coal-sacks of the southern hemisphere : his solar system was the parish ; the master 'stemper and the casualties of lambing-time were his region of storms .  He cut his bread and bacon with his pocket-knife , and felt no bitterness except in the matter of pauper labourers and the bad-luck that sent contrarious seasons and the sheep-rot .  He and his cows were soon left behind , and the homestead too , with its pond overhung by elder-trees , its untidy kitchen-garden and cone-shaped yew-tree arbour .  But everywhere the bushy hedgerows wasted the land with their straggling beauty , shrouded the grassy borders of the pastures with cat-kined hazels , and tossed their long blackberry branches on the corn-fields .  Perhaps they were white with May , or starred with pale pink dogroses ; perhaps the urchins were already nutting amongst them , or gathering the plenteous crabs .  It was worth the journey only to see those hedgerows , the liberal homes of unmarketable beauty — of the purple-blossomed ruby-berried nightshade , of the wild convolvulus climbing and spreading in tendrilled strength till it made a great curtain of pale-green hearts and white trumpets , of the many-tubed honeysuckle which , in its most delicate fragrance , hid a charm more subtle and penetrating than beauty .  Even if it were winter the hedgerows showed their coral , the scarlet haws , the deep-crimson hips , with lingering brown leaves to make a resting-place for the jewels of the hoar-frost .  Such hedgerows were often as tall as the labourers 'cottages dotted along the lanes , or clustered into a small hamlet , their little dingy windows telling , like thick-filmed eyes , of nothing but the darkness within .  The passenger on the coach-box , bowled along above such a hamlet , saw chiefly the roofs of it : probably it turned its back on the road , and seemed to lie away from everything but its own patch of earth and sky , away from the parish church by long fields and green lanes , away from all intercourse except that of tramps .  If its face could be seen , it was most likely dirty ; but the dirt was Protestant dirt , and the big , bold , gin-breathing tramps were Protestant tramps .  There was no sign of superstition near , no crucifix or image to indicate a misguided reverence : the inhabitants were probably so free from superstition that they were in much less awe of the parson than of the overseer .  Yet they were saved from the excesses of Protestantism by not knowing how to read , and by the absence of handlooms and mines to be the pioneers of Dissent : they were kept safely in the via media of indifference , and could have registered themselves in the census by a big black mark as members of the Church of England .  But there were trim cheerful villages too , with a neat or handsome parsonage and grey church set in the midst ; there was the pleasant tinkle of the blacksmith 'sanvil , the patient cart-horses waiting at his door ; the basket-maker peeling his willow wands in the sunshine ; the wheelwright putting the last touch to a blue cart with red wheels ; here and there a cottage with bright transparent windows showing pots full of blooming balsams or geraniums , and little gardens in front all double daisies or dark wallflowers ; at the well , clean and comely women carrying yoked buckets , and towards the free school small Britons dawdling on , and handling their marbles in the pockets of unpatched corduroys adorned with brass buttons .  The land around was rich and marly , great corn-stacks stood in the rick-yards — for the rick-burners had not found their way hither ; the homesteads were those of rich farmers who paid no rent , or had the rare advantage of a lease , and could afford to keep their corn till prices had risen .  The coach would be sure to overtake some of them on their way to their outlying fields or to the market-town , sitting heavily on their well-groomed horses , or weighing down one side of an olive-green gig .  They probably thought of the coach with some contempt , as an accommodation for people who had not their own gigs , or who , wanting to travel to London and such distant places , belonged to the trading and less solid part of the nation .  The passenger on the box could see that this was the district of protuberant optimists , sure that old England was the best of all possible countries , and that if there were any facts which had not fallen under their own observation , they were facts not worth observing : the district of clean little market-towns without manufactures , of fat livings , an aristocratic clergy , and low poor-rates .  But as the day wore on the scene would change : the land would begin to be blackened with coal-pits , the rattle of handlooms to be heard in hamlets and villages .  Here were powerful men walking queerly with knees bent outward from squatting in the mine , going home to throw themselves down in their blackened flannel and sleep through the daylight , then rise and spend much of their high wages at the ale-house with their fellows of the Benefit Club ; here the pale eager faces of handloom-weavers , men and women , haggard from sitting up late at night to finish the week 'swork , hardly begun till the Wednesday .  Everywhere the cottages and the small children were dirty , for the languid mothers gave their strength to the loom ; pious Dissenting women , perhaps , who took life patiently , and thought that salvation depended chiefly on predestination , and not at all on cleanliness .  The gables of Dissenting chapels now made a visible sign of religion , and of a meeting-place to counterbalance the ale-house , even in the hamlets ; but if a couple of old termagants were seen tearing each other 'scaps , it was a safe conclusion that , if they had not received the sacraments of the Church , they had not at least given in to schismatic rites , and were free from the errors of Voluntaryism .  The breath of the manufacturing town , which made a cloudy day and a red gloom by night on the horizon , diffused itself over all the surrounding country , filling the air with eager unrest .  Here was a population not convinced that old England was as good as possible ; here were multitudinous men and women aware that their religion was not exactly the religion of their rulers , who might therefore be better than they were , and who , if better , might alter many things which now made the world perhaps more painful than it need be , and certainly more sinful .  Yet there were the grey steeples too , and the churchyards , with their grassy mounds and venerable headstones , sleeping in the sunlight ; there were broad fields and homesteads , and fine old woods covering a rising ground , or stretching far by the roadside , allowing only peeps at the park and mansion which they shut in from the working-day world .  In these midland districts the traveller passed rapidly from one phase of English life to another : after looking down on a village dingy with coal-dust , noisy with the shaking of looms , he might skirt a parish all of fields , high hedges , and deep-rutted lanes ; after the coach had rattled over the pavement of a manufacturing town , the scene of riots and trades-union meetings , it would take him in another ten minutes into a rural region , where the neighbourhood of the town was only felt in the advantages of a near market for corn , cheese , and hay , and where men with a considerable banking account were accustomed to say that " they never meddled with politics themselves .  " The busy scenes of the shuttle and the wheel , of the roaring furnace , of the shaft and the pulley , seemed to make but crowded nests in the midst of the large-spaced , slow-moving life of homesteads and far-away cottages and oak-sheltered parks .  Looking at the dwellings scattered amongst the woody flats and the ploughed uplands , under the low grey sky which overhung them with an unchanging stillness as if Time itself were pausing , it was easy for the traveller to conceive that town and country had no pulse in common , except where the handlooms made a far-reaching straggling fringe about the great centres of manufacture ; that till the agitation about the Catholics in ' 29 , rural Englishmen had hardly known more of Catholics than of the fossil mammals ; and that their notion of Reform was a confused combination of rick-burners , trades-unions , Nottingham riots , and in general whatever required the calling-out of the yeomanry .  It was still easier to see that , for the most part , they resisted the rotation of crops and stood by their fallows : and the coachman would perhaps tell how in one parish an innovating farmer , who talked of Sir Humphrey Davy , had been fairly driven out by popular dislike , as if he had been a confounded Radical ; and how , the parson having one Sunday preached from the words , " Plough up the fallow-ground of your hearts , " the people thought he had made the text out of his own head , otherwise it would never have come " so pat " on a matter of business ; but when they found it in the Bible at home , some said it was an argument for fallows ( else why should the Bible mention fallows ?  ) , but a few of the weaker sort were shaken , and thought it was an argument that fallows should be done away with , else the Bible would have said , " Let your hearts lie fallow ; " and the next morning the parson had a stroke of apoplexy , which , as coincident with a dispute about fallows , so set the parish against the innovating farmer and the rotation of crops , that he could stand his ground no longer , and transferred his lease .  The coachman was an excellent travelling companion and commentator on the landscape : he could tell the names of sites and persons , and explain the meaning of groups , as well as the shade of Virgil in a more memorable journey ; he had as many stories about parishes , and the men and women in them , as the Wanderer in the ' Excursion , ' only his style was different .  His view of life had originally been genial , and such as became a man who was well warmed within and without , and held a position of easy , undisputed authority ; but the recent initiation of Railways had embittered him : he now , as in a perpetual vision , saw the ruined country strewn with shattered limbs , and regarded Mr Huskisson 'sdeath as a proof of God 'sanger against Stephenson .  " Why , every inn on the road would be shut up !  " and at that word the coachman looked before him with the blank gaze of one who had driven his coach to the outermost edge of the universe , and saw his leaders plunging into the abyss .  Still he would soon relapse from the high prophetic strain to the familiar one of narrative .  He knew whose the land was wherever he drove ; what noblemen had half-ruined themselves by gambling ; who made handsome returns of rent ; and who was at daggers-drawn with his eldest son .  He perhaps remembered the fathers of actual baronets , and knew stories of their extravagant or stingy housekeeping ; whom they had married , whom they had horsewhipped , whether they were particular about preserving their game , and whether they had had much to do with canal companies .  About any actual landed proprietor he could also tell whether he was a Reformer or an Anti-Reformer .  That was a distinction which had " turned up " in latter times , and along with it the paradox , very puzzling to the coachman 'smind , that there were men of old family and large estate who voted for the Bill .  He did not grapple with the paradox ; he let it pass , with all the discreetness of an experienced theologian or learned scholiast , preferring to point his whip at some object which could raise no questions .  No such paradox troubled our coachman when , leaving the town of Treby Magna behind him , he drove between the hedges for a mile or so , crossed the queer long bridge over the river Lapp , and then put his horses to a swift gallop up the hill by the low-nestled village of Little Treby , till they were on the fine level road , skirted on one side by grand larches , oaks , and wych elms , which sometimes opened so far as to let the traveller see that there was a park behind them .  How many times in the year , as the coach rolled past the neglected-looking lodges which interrupted the screen of trees , and showed the river winding through a finely-timbered park , had the coachman answered the same questions , or told the same things without being questioned !  That ?  — oh , that was Transome Court , a place there had been a fine sight of lawsuits about .  Generations back , the heir of the Transome name had somehow bargained away the estate , and it fell to the Durfeys , very distant connections , who only called themselves Transomes because they had got the estate .  But the Durfeys 'claim had been disputed over and over again ; and the coachman , if he had been asked , would have said , though he might have to fall down dead the next minute , that property did n't always get into the right hands .  However , the lawyers had found their luck in it ; and people who inherited estates that were lawed about often lived in them as poorly as a mouse in a hollow cheese ; and , by what he could make out , that had been the way with these present Durfeys , or Transomes , as they called themselves .  As for Mr Transome , he was as poor , half-witted a fellow as you 'dwish to see ; but she was master , had come of a high family , and had a spirit — you might see it in her eye and the way she sat her horse .  Forty years ago , when she came into this country , they said she was a picture ; but her family was poor , and so she took up with a hatchet-faced fellow like this Transome .  And the eldest son had been just such another as his father , only worse — a wild sort of half-natural , who got into bad company .  They said his mother hated him and wished him dead ; for she 'dgot another son , quite of a different cut , who had gone to foreign parts when he was a youngster , and she wanted her favourite to be heir .  But heir or no heir , Lawyer Jermyn had had his picking out of the estate .  Not a door in his big house but what was the finest polished oak , all got off the Transome estate .  If anybody liked to believe he paid for it , they were welcome .  However , Lawyer Jermyn had sat on that box-seat many and many a time .  He had made the wills of most people thereabout .  The coachman would not say that Lawyer Jermyn was not the man he would choose to make his own will some day .  It was not so well for a lawyer to be over-honest , else he might not be up to other people 'stricks .  And as for the Transome business , there had been ins and outs in time gone by , so that you could n't look into it straight backward .  At this Mr Sampson ( everybody in North Loamshire knew Sampson 'scoach ) would screw his features into a grimace expressive of entire neutrality , and appear to aim his whip at a particular spot on the horse 'sflank .  If the passenger was curious for further knowledge concerning the Transome affairs , Sampson would shake his head and say there had been fine stories in his time ; but he never condescended to state what the stories were .  Some attributed this reticence to a wise incredulity , others to a want of memory , others to simple ignorance .  But at least Sampson was right in saying that there had been fine stories — meaning , ironically , stories not altogether creditable to the parties concerned .  And such stories often come to be fine in a sense that is not ironical .  For there is seldom any wrong-doing which does not carry along with it some downfall of blindly-climbing hopes , some hard entail of suffering , some quickly-satiated desire that survives , with the life in death of old paralytic vice , to see itself cursed by its woeful progeny — some tragic mark of kinship in the one brief life to the far-stretching life that went before , and to the life that is to come after , such as has raised the pity and terror of men ever since they began to discern between will and destiny .  But these things are often unknown to the world ; for there is much pain that is quite noiseless ; and vibrations that make human agonies are often a mere whisper in the roar of hurrying existence .  There are glances of hatred that stab and raise no cry of murder ; robberies that leave man or woman for ever beggared of peace and joy , yet kept secret by the sufferer — committed to no sound except that of low moans in the night , seen in no writing except that made on the face by the slow months of suppressed anguish and early morning tears .  Many an inherited sorrow that has marred a life has been breathed into no human ear .  The poets have told us of a dolorous enchanted forest in the under world .  The thorn-bushes there , and the thick-barked stems , have human histories hidden in them ; the power of unuttered cries dwells in the passionless-seeming branches , and the red warm blood is darkly feeding the quivering nerves of a sleepless memory that watches through all dreams .  These things are a parable .  VOL. I .  CHAPTER I .  He left me when the down upon his lip Lay like the shadow of a hovering kiss . " Beautiful mother , do not grieve , " he said ; " I will be great , and build our fortunes high , And you shall wear the longest train at court , And look so queenly , all the lords shall say , ' She is a royal changeling : there 'ssome crown Lacks the right head , since hers wears nought but braids . ' " O , he is coming now — but I am grey : And he —  On the 1st of September , in the memorable year 1832 , some one was expected at Transome Court .  As early as two o'clock in the afternoon the aged lodge-keeper had opened the heavy gate , green as the tree trunks were green with nature 'spowdery paint , deposited year after year .  Already in the village of Little Treby , which lay on the side of a steep hill not far off the lodge gates , the elder matrons sat in their best gowns at the few cottage doors bordering the road , that they might be ready to get up and make their curtsy when a travelling carriage should come in sight ; and beyond the village several small boys were stationed on the lookout , intending to run a race to the barn-like old church , where the sexton waited in the belfry ready to set the one bell in joyful agitation just at the right moment .  The old lodge-keeper had opened the gate and left it in the charge of his lame wife , because he was wanted at the Court to sweep away the leaves , and perhaps to help in the stables .  For though Transome Court was a large mansion , built in the fashion of Queen Anne 'stime , with a park and grounds as fine as any to be seen in Loamshire , there were very few servants about it .  Especially , it seemed , there must be a lack of gardeners ; for , except on the terrace surrounded with a stone parapet in front of the house , where there was a parterre kept with some neatness , grass had spread itself over the gravel walks , and over all the low mounds once carefully cut as black beds for the shrubs and larger plants .  Many of the windows had the shutters closed , and under the grand Scotch fir that stooped towards one corner , the brown firneedles of many years lay in a small stone balcony in front of two such darkened windows .  All round , both near and far , there were grand trees , motionless in the still sunshine , and , like all large motionless things , seeming to add to the stillness .  Here and there a leaf fluttered down ; petals fell in a silent shower ; a heavy moth floated by , and , when it settled , seemed to fall wearily ; the tiny birds alighted on the walks , and hopped about in perfect tranquillity ; even a stray rabbit sat nibbling a leaf that was to its liking , in the middle of a grassy space , with an air that seemed quite impudent in so timid a creature .  No sound was to be heard louder than a sleepy hum , and the soft monotony of running water hurrying on to the river that divided the park .  Standing on the south or east side of the house , you would never have guessed that an arrival was expected .  But on the west side , where the carriage entrance was , the gates under the stone archway were thrown open ; and so was the double door of the entrance-hall , letting in the warm light on the scagliola pillars , the marble statues , and the broad stone staircase , with its matting worn into large holes .  And , stronger sign of expectation than all , from one of the doors which surrounded the entrance-hall , there came forth from time to time a lady , who walked lightly over the polished stone floor , and stood on the door-steps and watched and listened .  She walked lightly , for her figure was slim and finely formed , though she was between fifty and sixty .  She was a tall , proud-looking woman , with abundant grey hair , dark eyes and eyebrows , and a somewhat eagle-like yet not unfeminine face .  Her tight-fitting black dress was much worn ; the fine lace of her cuffs and collar , and of the small veil which fell backwards over her high comb , was visibly mended ; but rare jewels flashed on her hands , which lay on her folded black-clad arms like finely-cut onyx cameos .  Many times Mrs Transome went to the door-steps , watching and listening in vain .  Each time she returned to the same room : it was a moderate-sized comfortable room , with low ebony bookshelves round it , and it formed an anteroom to a large library , of which a glimpse could be seen through an open doorway , partly obstructed by a heavy tapestry curtain drawn on one side .  There was a great deal of tarnished gilding and dinginess on the walls and furniture of this smaller room , but the pictures above the bookcases were all of a cheerful kind : portraits in pastel of pearly-skinned ladies with hair-powder , blue ribbons , and low boddices ; a splendid portrait in oils of a Transome in the gorgeous dress of the Restoration ; another of a Transome in his boyhood , with his hand on the neck of a small pony ; and a large Flemish battle-piece , where war seemed only a picturesque blue-and-red accident in a vast sunny expanse of plain and sky .  Probably such cheerful pictures had been chosen because this was Mrs Transome 'susual sitting-room : it was certainly for this reason that , near the chair in which she seated herself each time she re-entered , there hung a picture of a youthful face which bore a strong resemblance to her own : a beardless but masculine face , with rich brown hair hanging low on the forehead , and undulating beside each cheek down to the loose white cravat .  Near this same chair were her writing-table , with vellum-covered account-books on it , the cabinet in which she kept her neatly-arranged drugs , her basket for her embroidery , a folio volume of architectural engravings from which she took her embroidery patterns , a number of the North Loamshire Herald , and the cushion for her fat Blenheim , which was too old and sleepy to notice its mistress 'srestlessness .  For , just now , Mrs Transome could not abridge the sunny tedium of the day by the feeble interest of her usual indoor occupations .  Her consciousness was absorbed by memories and prospects , and except when she walked to the entrance-door to look out , she sat motionless with folded arms , involuntarily from time to time turning towards the portrait close by her , and as often , when its young brown eyes met hers , turning away again with self-checking resolution .  At last , prompted by some sudden thought or by some sound , she rose and went hastily beyond the tapestry curtain into the library .  She paused near the door without speaking : apparently she only wished to see that no harm was being done .  A man nearer seventy than sixty was in the act of ranging on a large library-table a series of shallow drawers , some of them containing dried insects , others mineralogical specimens .  His pale mild eyes , receding lower jaw , and slight frame , could never have expressed much vigour , either bodily or mental ; but he had now the unevenness of gait and feebleness of gesture which tell of a past paralytic seizure .  His threadbare clothes were thoroughly brushed ; his soft white hair was carefully parted and arranged : he was not a neglected-looking old man ; and at his side a fine black retriever , also old , sat on its haunches , and watched him as he went to and fro .  But when Mrs Transome appeared within the doorway , her husband paused in his work and shrank like a timid animal looked at in a cage where flight is impossible .  He was conscious of a troublesome intention , for which he had been rebuked before — that of disturbing all his specimens with a view to a new arrangement .  After an interval , in which his wife stood perfectly still , observing him , he began to put back the drawers in their places in the row of cabinets which extended under the bookshelves at one end of the library .  When they were all put back and closed , Mrs Transome turned away , and the frightened old man seated himself with Nimrod the retriever on an ottoman .  Peeping at him again , a few minutes after , she saw that he had his arm round Nimrod 'sneck , and was uttering his thoughts to the dog in a loud whisper , as little children do to any object near them when they believe themselves unwatched .  At last the sound of the church-bell reached Mrs Transome 'sear , and she knew that before long the sound of wheels must be within hearing ; but she did not at once start up and walk to the entrance-door .  She sat still , quivering and listening ; her lips became pale , her hands were cold and trembling .  Was her son really coming ?  She was far beyond fifty ; and since her early gladness in this best-loved boy , the harvests of her life had been scanty .  Could it be that now — when her hair was grey , when sight had become one of the day 'sfatigues , when her young accomplishments seemed almost ludicrous , like the tone of her first harpsichord and the words of the songs long browned with age — she was going to reap an assured joy ?  — to feel that the doubtful deeds of her life were justified by the result , since a kind Providence had sanctioned them ?  — to be no longer tacitly pitied by her neighbours for her lack of money , her imbecile husband , her graceless eldest-born , and the loneliness of her life ; but to have at her side a rich , clever , possibly a tender , son ?  Yes ; but there were the fifteen years of separation , and all that had happened in that long time to throw her into the background in her son 'smemory and affection .  And yet — did not men sometimes become more filial in their feeling when experience had mellowed them , and they had themselves become fathers ?  Still , if Mrs Transome had expected only her son , she would have trembled less ; she expected a little grandson also : and there were reasons why she had not been enraptured when her son had written to her only when he was on the eve of returning that he already had an heir born to him .  But the facts must be accepted as they stood , and , after all , the chief thing was to have her son back again .  Such pride , such affection , such hopes as she cherished in this fifty-sixth year of her life , must find their gratification in him — or nowhere .  Once more she glanced at the portrait .  The young brown eyes seemed to dwell on her pleasantly ; but , turning from it with a sort of impatience , and saying aloud , " Of course he will be altered !  " she rose almost with difficulty , and walked more slowly than before across the hall to the entrance-door .  Already the sound of wheels was loud upon the gravel .  The momentary surprise of seeing that it was only a post-chaise , without a servant or much luggage , that was passing under the stone archway and then wheeling round against the flight of stone steps , was at once merged in the sense that there was a dark face under a red travelling-cap looking at her from the window .  She saw nothing else : she was not even conscious that the small group of her own servants had mustered , or that old Hickes the butler had come forward to open the chaise door .  She heard herself called " Mother !  " and felt a light kiss on each cheek ; but stronger than all that sensation was the consciousness which no previous thought could prepare her for , that this son who had come back to her was a stranger .  Three minutes before , she had fancied that , in spite of all changes wrought by fifteen years of separation , she should clasp her son again as she had done at their parting ; but in the moment when their eyes met , the sense of strangeness came upon her like a terror .  It was not hard to understand that she was agitated , and the son led her across the hall to the sitting-room , closing the door behind them .  Then he turned towards her and said , smiling ,  " You would not have known me , eh , mother ?  "  It was perhaps the truth .  If she had seen him in a crowd , she might have looked at him without recognition — not , however , without startled wonder ; for though the likeness to herself was no longer striking , the years had overlaid it with another likeness which would have arrested her .  Before she answered him , his eyes , with a keen restlessness , as unlike as possible to the lingering gaze of the portrait , had travelled quickly over the room , alighting on her again as she said ,  " Everything is changed , Harold .  I am an old woman , you see .  "  " But straighter and more upright than some of the young ones !  " said Harold ; inwardly , however , feeling that age had made his mother 'sface very anxious and eager .  " The old women at Smyrna are like sacks .  You 'venot got clumsy and shapeless .  How is it I have the trick of getting fat ?  " ( Here Harold lifted his arm and spread out his plump hand .  ) " I remember my father was as thin as a herring .  How is my father ?  Where is he ?  "  Mrs Transome just pointed to the curtained doorway , and let her son pass through it alone .  She was not given to tears ; but now , under the pressure of emotion that could find no other vent , they burst forth .  She took care that they should be silent tears , and before Harold came out of the library again they were dried .  Mrs Transome had not the feminine tendency to seek influence through pathos ; she had been used to rule in virtue of acknowledged superiority .  The consciousness that she had to make her son 'sacquaintance , and that her knowledge of the youth of nineteen might help her little in interpreting the man of thirty-four , had fallen like lead on her soul ; but in this new acquaintance of theirs she cared especially that her son , who had seen a strange world , should feel that he was come home to a mother who was to be consulted on all things , and who could supply his lack of the local experience necessary to an English landholder .  Her part in life had been that of the clever sinner , and she was equipped with the views , the reasons , and the habits which belonged to that character : life would have little meaning for her if she were to be gently thrust aside as a harmless elderly woman .  And besides , there were secrets which her son must never know .  So , by the time Harold came from the library again , the traces of tears were not discernible , except to a very careful observer .  And he did not observe his mother carefully ; his eyes only glanced at her on their way to the North Loamshire Herald , lying on the table near her , which he took up with his left hand , as he said ,  " Gad !  what a wreck poor father is !  Paralysis , eh ?  Terribly shrunk and shaken — crawls about among his books and beetles as usual , though .  Well , it 'sa slow and easy death .  But he 'snot much over sixty-five , is he ?  "  " Sixty-seven , counting by birthdays ; but your father was born old , I think , " said Mrs Transome , a little flushed with the determination not to show any unasked-for feeling .  Her son did not notice her .  All the time he had been speaking his eyes had been running down the columns of the newspaper .  " But your little boy , Harold — where is he ?  How is it he has not come with you ?  "  " O , I left him behind , in town , " said Harold , still looking at the paper .  " My man Dominic will bring him , with the rest of the luggage .  Ah , I see it is young Debarry , and not my old friend Sir Maximus , who is offering himself as candidate for North Loamshire .  "  " Yes .  You did not answer me when I wrote to you to London about your standing .  There is no other Tory candidate spoken of , and you would have all the Debarry interest .  "  " I hardly think that , " said Harold , significantly .  " Why ?  Jermyn says a Tory candidate can never be got in without it .  "  " But I shall not be a Tory candidate .  "  Mrs Transome felt something like an electric shock .  " What then ?  " she said , almost sharply .  " You will not call yourself a Whig ?  "  " God forbid !  I 'ma Radical .  "  Mrs Transome 'slimbs tottered ; she sank into a chair .  Here was a distinct confirmation of the vague but strong feeling that her son was a stranger to her .  Here was a revelation to which it seemed almost as impossible to adjust her hopes and notions of a dignified life as if her son had said that he had been converted to Mahometanism at Smyrna , and had four wives , instead of one son , shortly to arrive under the care of Dominic .  For the moment she had a sickening feeling that it was all of no use that the long-delayed good fortune had come at last — all of no use though the unloved Durfey was dead and buried , and though Harold had come home with plenty of money .  There were rich Radicals , she was aware , as there were rich Jews and Dissenters , but she had never thought of them as county people .  Sir Francis Burdett had been generally regarded as a madman .  It was better to ask no questions , but silently to prepare herself for anything else there might be to come .  " Will you go to your rooms , Harold , and see if there is anything you would like to have altered ?  "  " Yes , let us go , " said Harold , throwing down the newspaper , in which he had been rapidly reading almost every advertisement while his mother had been going through her sharp inward struggle .  " Uncle Lingon is on the bench still , I see , " he went on , as he followed her across the hall ; " is he at home — will he be here this evening ?  "  " He says you must go to the Rectory when you want to see him .  You must remember you have come back to a family who have old-fashioned notions .  Your uncle thought I ought to have you to myself in the first hour or two .  He remembered that I had not seen my son for fifteen years .  "  " Ah , by Jove !  fifteen years — so it is !  " said Harold , taking his mother 'shand and drawing it under his arm ; for he had perceived that her words were charged with an intention .  " And you are as straight as an arrow still ; you will carry the shawls I have brought you as well as ever .  "  They walked up the broad stone steps together in silence .  Under the shock of discovering her son 'sRadicalism , Mrs Transome had no impulse to say one thing rather than another ; as in a man who had just been branded on the forehead all wonted motives would be uprooted .  Harold , on his side , had no wish opposed to filial kindness , but his busy thoughts were imperiously determined by habits which had no reference to any woman 'sfeeling ; and even if he could have conceived what his mother 'sfeeling was , his mind , after that momentary arrest , would have darted forward on its usual course .  " I have given you the south rooms , Harold , " said Mrs Transome , as they passed along a corridor lit from above , and lined with old family pictures .  " I thought they would suit you best , as they all open into each other , and this middle one will make a pleasant sitting-room for you .  "  " Gad !  the furniture is in a bad state , " said Harold , glancing round at the middle room which they had just entered , " the moths seem to have got into the carpets and hangings .  "  " I had no choice except moths or tenants who would pay rent , " said Mrs Transome .  " We have been too poor to keep servants for uninhabited rooms .  "  " What !  you 'vebeen rather pinched , eh ?  "  " You find us living as we have been living these twelve years .  "  " Ah , you 'vehad Durfey 'sdebts as well as the lawsuits — confound them !  It will make a hole in sixty thousand pounds to pay off the mortgages .  However , he 'sgone now , poor fellow ; and I suppose I should have spent more in buying an English estate some time or other .  I always meant to be an Englishman , and thrash a lord or two who thrashed me at Eton .  "  " I hardly thought you could have meant that , Harold , when I found you had married a foreign wife .  "  " Would you have had me wait for a consumptive lackadaisical Englishwoman , who would have hung all her relations round my neck ?  I hate English wives ; they want to give their opinion about everything .  They interfere with a man 'slife .  I shall not marry again .  "  Mrs Transome bit her lip , and turned away to draw up a blind .  She would not reply to words which showed how completely any conception of herself and her feelings was excluded from her son 'sinward world .  As she turned round again she said , " I suppose you have been used to great luxury ; these rooms look miserable to you , but you can soon make any alteration you like .  "  " O , I must have a private sitting-room fitted up for myself down-stairs .  And the rest are bedrooms , I suppose , " he went on , opening a side-door .  " Ah , I can sleep here a night or two .  But there 'sa bedroom down-stairs , with an anteroom , I remember , that would do for my man Dominic and the little boy .  I should like to have that .  "  " Your father has slept there for years .  He will be like a distracted insect , and never know where to go , if you alter the track he has to walk in .  "  " That 'sa pity .  I hate going up-stairs .  "  " There is the steward 'sroom : it is not used , and might be turned into a bedroom .  I ca n't offer you my room , for I sleep up-stairs .  " ( Mrs Transome 'stongue could be a whip upon occasion , but the lash had not fallen on a sensitive spot .  )  " No ; I 'mdetermined not to sleep up-stairs .  We 'llsee about the steward 'sroom to-morrow , and I daresay I shall find a closet of some sort for Dominic .  It 'sa nuisance he had to stay behind , for I shall have nobody to cook for me .  Ah , there 'sthe old river I used to fish in .  I often thought , when I was at Smyrna , that I would buy a park with a river through it as much like the Lapp as possible .  Gad , what fine oaks those are opposite !  Some of them must come down , though .  "  " I 'veheld every tree sacred on the demesne , as I told you , Harold .  I trusted to your getting the estate some time , and releasing it ; and I determined to keep it worth releasing .  A park without fine timber is no better than a beauty without teeth and hair .  "  " Bravo , mother !  " said Harold , putting his hand on her shoulder .  " Ah , you 'vehad to worry yourself about things that do n't properly belong to a woman — my father being weakly .  We 'llset all that right .  You shall have nothing to do now but to be grandmamma on satin cushions .  "  " You must excuse me from the satin cushions .  That is a part of the old woman 'sduty I am not prepared for .  I am used to be chief bailiff , and to sit in the saddle two or three hours every day .  There are two farms on our hands besides the Home Farm .  "  " Phew-ew !  Jermyn manages the estate badly then .  That will not last under my reign , " said Harold , turning on his heel and feeling in his pockets for the keys of his portmanteaus , which had been brought up .  " Perhaps when you 'vebeen in England a little longer , " said Mrs Transome , colouring as if she had been a girl , " you will understand better the difficulty there is in letting farms in these times .  "  " I understand the difficulty perfectly , mother .  To let farms , a man must have the sense to see what will make them inviting to farmers , and to get sense supplied on demand is just the most difficult transaction I know of .  I suppose if I ring there 'ssome fellow who can act as valet and learn to attend to my hookah ?  "  " There is Hickes the butler , and there is Jabez the footman ; those are all the men in the house .  They were here when you left .  "  " O , I remember Jabez — he was a dolt .  I 'llhave old Hickes .  He was a neat little machine of a butler ; his words used to come like the clicks of an engine .  He must be an old machine now , though .  "  " You seem to remember some things about home wonderfully well , Harold .  "  " Never forget places and people — how they look and what can be done with them .  All the country round here lies like a map in my brain .  A deuced pretty country too ; but the people were a stupid set of old Whigs and Tories .  I suppose they are much as they were .  "  " I am , at least , Harold .  You are the first of your family that ever talked of being a Radical .  I did not think I was taking care of our old oaks for that .  I always thought Radicals 'houses stood staring above poor sticks of young trees and iron hurdles .  "  " Yes , but the Radical sticks are growing , mother , and half the Tory oaks are rotting , " said Harold , with gay carelessness .  " You 'vearranged for Jermyn to be early to-morrow ?  "  " He will be here to breakfast at nine .  But I leave you to Hickes now ; we dine in an hour .  "  Mrs Transome went away and shut herself in her own dressing-room .  It had come to pass now — this meeting with the son who had been the object of so much longing ; whom she had longed for before he was born , for whom she had sinned , from whom she had wrenched herself with pain at their parting , and whose coming again had been the one great hope of her years .  The moment was gone by ; there had been no ecstasy , no gladness even ; hardly half an hour had passed , and few words had been spoken , yet with that quickness in weaving new futures which belongs to women whose actions have kept them in habitual fear of consequences , Mrs Transome thought she saw with all the clearness of demonstration that her son 'sreturn had not been a good for her in the sense of making her any happier .  She stood before a tall mirror , going close to it and looking at her face with hard scrutiny , as if it were unrelated to herself .  No elderly face can be handsome , looked at in that way ; every little detail is startlingly prominent , and the effect of the whole is lost .  She saw the dried-up complexion , and the deep lines of bitter discontent about the mouth .  " I am a hag !  " she said to herself ( she was accustomed to give her thoughts a very sharp outline ) , " an ugly old woman who happens to be his mother .  That is what he sees in me , as I see a stranger in him .  I shall count for nothing .  I was foolish to expect anything else .  "  She turned away from the mirror and walked up and down her room .  " What a likeness !  " she said , in a loud whisper ; " yet , perhaps , no one will see it besides me .  "  She threw herself into a chair , and sat with a fixed look , seeing nothing that was actually present , but inwardly seeing with painful vividness what had been present with her a little more than thirty years ago — the little round-limbed creature that had been leaning against her knees , and stamping tiny feet , and looking up at her with gurgling laughter .  She had thought that the possession of this child would give unity to her life , and make some gladness through the changing years that would grow as fruit out of these early maternal caresses .  But nothing had come just as she had wished .  The mother 'searly raptures had lasted but a short time , and even while they lasted there had grown up in the midst of them a hungry desire , like a black poisonous plant feeding in the sunlight , — the desire that her first , rickety , ugly , imbecile child should die , and leave room for her darling , of whom she could be proud .  Such desires make life a hideous lottery , where every day may turn up a blank ; where men and women who have the softest beds and the most delicate eating , who have a very large share of that sky and earth which some are born to have no more of than the fraction to be got in a crowded entry , yet grow haggard , fevered , and restless , like those who watch in other lotteries .  Day after day , year after year , had yielded blanks ; new cares had come , bringing other desires for results quite beyond her grasp , which must also be watched for in the lottery ; and all the while the round-limbed pet had been growing into a strong youth , who liked many things better than his mother 'scaresses , and who had a much keener consciousness of his independent existence than of his relation to her : the lizard 'segg , that white rounded passive prettiness , had become a brown , darting , determined lizard .  The mother 'slove is at first an absorbing delight , blunting all other sensibilities ; it is an expansion of the animal existence ; it enlarges the imagined range for self to move in : but in after years it can only continue to be joy on the same terms as other long-lived love — that is , by much suppression of self , and power of living in the experience of another .  Mrs Transome had darkly felt the pressure of that unchangeable fact .  Yet she had clung to the belief that somehow the possession of this son was the best thing she lived for ; to believe otherwise would have made her memory too ghastly a companion .  Some time or other , by some means , the estate she was struggling to save from the grasp of the law would be Harold 's.  Somehow the hated Durfey , the imbecile eldest , who seemed to have become tenacious of a despicable squandering life , would be got rid of ; vice might kill him .  Meanwhile the estate was burthened : there was no good prospect for any heir .  Harold must go and make a career for himself : and this was what he was bent on , with a precocious clearness of perception as to the conditions on which he could hope for any advantages in life .  Like most energetic natures , he had a strong faith in his luck ; he had been gay at their parting , and had promised to make his fortune ; and in spite of past disappointments , Harold 'spossible fortune still made some ground for his mother to plant her hopes in .  His luck had not failed him ; yet nothing had turned out according to her expectations .  Her life had been like a spoiled shabby pleasure-day , in which the music and the processions are all missed , and nothing is left at evening but the weariness of striving after what has been failed of .  Harold had gone with the Embassy to Constantinople , under the patronage of a high relative , his mother 'scousin ; he was to be a diplomatist , and work his way upward in public life .  But his luck had taken another shape : he had saved the life of an Armenian banker , who in gratitude had offered him a prospect which his practical mind had preferred to the problematic promises of diplomacy and high-born cousinship .  Harold had become a merchant and banker at Smyrna ; had let the years pass without caring to find the possibility of visiting his early home , and had shown no eagerness to make his life at all familiar to his mother , asking for letters about England , but writing scantily about himself .  Mrs Transome had kept up the habit of writing to her son , but gradually the unfruitful years had dulled her hopes and yearnings ; increasing anxieties about money had worried her , and she was more sure of being fretted by bad news about her dissolute eldest son than of hearing anything to cheer her from Harold .  She had begun to live merely in small immediate cares and occupations , and , like all eager-minded women who advance in life without any activity of tenderness or any large sympathy , she had contracted small rigid habits of thinking and acting , she had her " ways " which must not be crossed , and had learned to fill up the great void of life with giving small orders to tenants , insisting on medicines for infirm cottagers , winning small triumphs in bargains and personal economies , and parrying ill-natured remarks of Lady Debarry 'sby lancet-edged epigrams .  So her life had gone on till more than a year ago , when that desire which had been so hungry while she was a blooming young mother , was at last fulfilled — at last , when her hair was grey , and her face looked bitter , restless , and unenjoying , like her life .  The news came from Jersey that Durfey , the imbecile son , was dead .  Now Harold was heir to the estate ; now the wealth he had gained could release the land from its burthens ; now he would think it worth while to return home .  A change had at last come over her life , and the sunlight breaking the clouds at evening was pleasant , though the sun must sink before long .  Hopes , affections , the sweeter part of her memories , started from their wintry sleep , and it once more seemed a great good to have had a second son who in some ways had cost her dearly .  But again there were conditions she had not reckoned on .  When the good tidings had been sent to Harold , and he had announced that he would return so soon as he could wind up his affairs , he had for the first time informed his mother that he had been married , that his Greek wife was no longer living , but that he should bring home a little boy , the finest and most desirable of heirs and grandsons .  Harold , seated in his distant Smyrna home , considered that he was taking a rational view of what things must have become by this time at the old place in England , when he figured his mother as a good elderly lady , who would necessarily be delighted with the possession on any terms of a healthy grandchild , and would not mind much about the particulars of the long-concealed marriage .  Mrs Transome had torn up that letter in a rage .  But in the months which had elapsed before Harold could actually arrive , she had prepared herself as well as she could to suppress all reproaches or queries which her son might resent , and to acquiesce in his evident wishes .  The return was still looked for with longing ; affection and satisfied pride would again warm her later years .  She was ignorant what sort of man Harold had become now , and of course he must be changed in many ways ; but though she told herself this , still the image that she knew , the image fondness clung to , necessarily prevailed over the negatives insisted on by her reason .  And so it was , that when she had moved to the door to meet him , she had been sure that she should clasp her son again , and feel that he was the same who had been her boy , her little one , the loved child of her passionate youth .  An hour seemed to have changed everything for her .  A woman 'shopes are woven of sunbeams ; a shadow annihilates them .  The shadow which had fallen over Mrs Transome in this first interview with her son was the presentiment of her powerlessness .  If things went wrong , if Harold got unpleasantly disposed in a certain direction where her chief dread had always lain , she seemed to foresee that her words would be of no avail .  The keenness of her anxiety in this matter had served as insight ; and Harold 'srapidity , decision , and indifference to any impressions in others which did not further or impede his own purposes , had made themselves felt by her as much as she would have felt the unmanageable strength of a great bird which had alighted near her , and allowed her to stroke its wing for a moment because food lay near her .  Under the cold weight of these thoughts Mrs Transome shivered .  That physical reaction roused her from her reverie , and she could now hear the gentle knocking at the door to which she had been deaf before .  Notwithstanding her activity and the fewness of her servants , she had never dressed herself without aid ; nor would that small , neat , exquisitely clean old woman who now presented herself have wished that her labour should be saved at the expense of such a sacrifice on her lady 'spart .  The small old woman was Mrs Hickes , the butler 'swife , who acted as housekeeper , lady's-maid , and superintendent of the kitchen — the large stony scene of inconsiderable cooking .  Forty years ago she had entered Mrs Transome 'sservice , when that lady was beautiful Miss Lingon , and her mistress still called her Denner , as she had done in the old days .  " The bell has rung , then , Denner , without my hearing it ?  " said Mrs Transome , rising .  " Yes , madam , " said Denner , reaching from a wardrobe an old black velvet dress trimmed with muchmended point , in which Mrs Transome was wont to look queenly of an evening .  Denner had still strong eyes of that shortsighted kind which sees through the narrowest chink between the eyelashes .  The physical contrast between the tall , eagle-faced , dark-eyed lady , and the little peering waiting-woman , who had been round-featured and of pale mealy complexion from her youth up , had doubtless had a strong influence in determining Denner 'sfeeling towards her mistress , which was of that worshipful sort paid to a goddess in ages when it was not thought necessary or likely that a goddess should be very moral .  There were different orders of beings — so ran Denner 'screed — and she belonged to another order than that to which her mistress belonged .  She had a mind as sharp as a needle , and would have seen through and through the ridiculous pretensions of a born servant who did not submissively accept the rigid fate which had given her born superiors .  She would have called such pretensions the wrigglings of a worm that tried to walk on its tail .  There was a tacit understanding that Denner knew all her mistress 'ssecrets , and her speech was plain and unflattering ; yet with wonderful subtlety of instinct she never said anything which Mrs Transome could feel humiliated by , as by a familiarity from a servant who knew too much .  Denner identified her own dignity with that of her mistress .  She was a hardheaded godless little woman , but with a character to be reckoned on as you reckon on the qualities of iron .  Peering into Mrs Transome 'sface , she saw clearly that the meeting with the son had been a disappointment in some way .  She spoke with a refined accent , in a low , quick , monotonous tone —  " Mr Harold is drest ; he shook me by the hand in the corridor , and was very pleasant .  "  " What an alteration , Denner !  No likeness to me now .  "  " Handsome , though , spite of his being so browned and stout .  There 'sa fine presence about Mr Harold .  I remember you used to say , madam , there were some people you would always know were in the room though they stood round a corner , and others you might never see till you ran against them .  That 'sas true as truth .  And as for likenesses , thirty-five and sixty are not much alike , only to people 'smemories .  "  Mrs Transome knew perfectly that Denner had divined her thoughts .  " I do n't know how things will go on now ; but it seems something too good to happen that they will go on well .  I am afraid of ever expecting anything good again .  "  " That 'sweakness , madam .  Things do n't happen because they 'rebad or good , else all eggs would be addled or none at all , and at the most it is but six to the dozen .  There 'sgood chances and bad chances , and nobody 'sluck is pulled only by one string .  "  " What a woman you are , Denner !  You talk like a French infidel .  It seems to me you are afraid of nothing .  I have been full of fears all my life — always seeing something for other hanging over me that I could n't bear to happen .  "  " Well , madam , put a good face on it , and do n't seem to be on the look-out for crows , else you 'llset other people watching .  Here you have a rich son come home , and the debts will all be paid , and you have your health and can ride about , and you 'vesuch a face and figure , and will have if you live to be eighty , that everybody is cap in hand to you before they know who you are — let me fasten up your veil a little higher : there 'sa good deal of pleasure in life for you yet .  "  " Nonsense !  there 'sno pleasure for old women , unless they get it out of tormenting other people .  What are your pleasures , Denner — besides being a slave to me ?  "  " Oh , there 'spleasure in knowing one 'snot a fool , like half the people one sees about .  And managing one 'shusband is some pleasure ; and doing all one 'sbusiness well .  Why , if I 'veonly got some orange flowers to candy , I should n't like to die till I see them all right .  Then there 'sthe sunshine now and then ; I like that , as the cats do .  I look upon it , life is like our game at whist , when Banks and his wife come to the still-room of an evening .  I do n't enjoy the game much , but I like to play my cards well , and see what will be the end of it ; and I want to see you make the best of your hand , madam , for your luck has been mine these forty years now .  But I must go and see how Kitty dishes up the dinner , unless you have any more commands .  "  " No , Denner ; I am going down immediately .  "  As Mrs Transome descended the stone staircase in her old black velvet and point , her appearance justified Denner 'spersonal compliment .  She had that high-born imperious air which would have marked her as an object of hatred and reviling by a revolutionary mob .  Her person was too typical of social distinctions to be passed by with indifference by any one : it would have fitted an empress in her own right , who had had to rule in spite of faction , to dare the violation of treaties and dread retributive invasions , to grasp after new territories , to be defiant in desperate circumstances , and to feel a woman 'shunger of the heart for ever unsatisfied .  Yet Mrs Transome 'scares and occupations had not been at all of an imperial sort .  For thirty years she had led the monotonous narrowing life which used to be the lot of our poorer gentry , who never went to town , and were probably not on speaking terms with two out of the five families whose parks lay within the distance of a drive .  When she was young she had been thought wonderfully clever and accomplished , and had been rather ambitious of intellectual superiority — had secretly picked out for private reading the lighter parts of dangerous French authors — and in company had been able to talk of Mr Burke 'sstyle , or of Chateaubriand 'seloquence — had laughed at the Lyrical Ballads and admired Mr Southey 'sThalaba .  She always thought that the dangerous French writers were wicked , and that her reading of them was a sin ; but many sinful things were highly agreeable to her , and many things which she did not doubt to be good and true were dull and meaningless .  She found ridicule of Biblical characters very amusing , and she was interested in stories of illicit passion : but she believed all the while that truth and safety lay in due attendance on prayers and sermons , in the admirable doctrines and ritual of the Church of England , equally remote from Puritanism and Popery ; in fact , in such a view of this world and the next as would preserve the existing arrangements of English society quite unshaken , keeping down the obtrusiveness of the vulgar and the discontent of the poor .  The history of the Jews , she knew , ought to be preferred to any profane history ; the Pagans , of course , were vicious , and their religions quite nonsensical , considered as religions — but classical learning came from the Pagans ; the Greeks were famous for sculpture ; the Italians for painting ; the middle ages were dark and Papistical ; but now Christianity went hand in hand with civilisation , and the providential government of the world , though a little confused and entangled in foreign countries , in our favoured land was clearly seen to be carried forward on Tory and Church of England principles , sustained by the succession of the House of Brunswick , and by sound English divines .  For Miss Lingon had had a superior governess , who held that a woman should be able to write a good letter , and to express herself with propriety on general subjects .  And it is astonishing how effective this education appeared in a handsome girl , who sat supremely well on horseback , sang and played a little , painted small figures in water-colours , had a naughty sparkle in her eyes when she made a daring quotation , and an air of serious dignity when she recited something from her store of correct opinions .  But however such a stock of ideas may be made to tell in elegant society , and during a few seasons in town , no amount of bloom and beauty can make them a perennial source of interest in things not personal ; and the notion that what is true and , in general , good for mankind , is stupid and drug-like , is not a safe theoretic basis in circumstances of temptation and difficulty .  Mrs Transome had been in her bloom before this century began , and in the long painful years since then , what she had once regarded as her knowledge and accomplishments had become as valueless as old-fashioned stucco ornaments , of which the substance was never worth anything , while the form is no longer to the taste of any living mortal .  Crosses , mortifications , money-cares , conscious blameworthiness , had changed the aspect of the world for her : there was anxiety in the morning sunlight ; there was unkind triumph or disapproving pity in the glances of greeting neighbours ; there was advancing age , and a contracting prospect in the changing seasons as they came and went .  And what could then sweeten the days to a hungry much-exacting self like Mrs Transome 's?  Under protracted ill every living creature will find something that makes a comparative ease , and even when life seems woven of pain , will convert the fainter pang into a desire .  Mrs Transome , whose imperious will had availed little to ward off the great evils of her life , found the opiate for her discontent in the exertion of her will about smaller things .  She was not cruel , and could not enjoy thoroughly what she called the old woman 'spleasure of tormenting ; but she liked every little sign of power her lot had left her .  She liked that a tenant should stand bareheaded below her as she sat on horseback .  She liked to insist that work done without her orders should be undone from beginning to end .  She liked to be curtsied and bowed to by all the congregation as she walked up the little barn of a church .  She liked to change a labourer 'smedicine fetched from the doctor , and substitute a prescription of her own .  If she had only been more haggard and less majestic , those who had glimpses of her outward life might have said she was a tyrannical , griping harridan , with a tongue like a razor .  No one said exactly that ; but they never said anything like the full truth about her , or divined what was hidden under that outward life — a woman 'skeen sensibility and dread , which lay screened behind all her petty habits and narrow notions , as some quivering thing with eyes and throbbing heart may lie crouching behind withered rubbish .  The sensibility and dread had palpitated all the faster in the prospect of her son 'sreturn ; and now that she had seen him , she said to herself , in her bitter way , " It is a lucky eel that escapes skinning .  The best happiness I shall ever know , will be to escape the worst misery .  "  CHAPTER II .  A jolly parson of the good old stock , By birth a gentleman , yet homely too , Suiting his phrase to Hodge and Margery Whom he once christened , and has married since . A little lax in doctrine and in life , Not thinking God was captions in such things As what a man might drink on holidays , But holding true religion was to do As you 'dbe done by — which could never mean That he should preach three sermons in a week .  Harold Transome did not choose to spend the whole evening with his mother .  It was his habit to compress a great deal of effective conversation into a short space of time , asking rapidly all the questions he wanted to get answered , and diluting no subject with irrelevancies , paraphrase , or repetitions .  He volunteered no information about himself and his past life at Smyrna , but answered pleasantly enough , though briefly , whenever his mother asked for any detail .  He was evidently ill-satisfied as to his palate , trying red pepper to everything , then asking if there were any relishing sauces in the house , and when Hickes brought various home-filled bottles , trying several , finding them failures , and finally falling back from his plate in despair .  Yet he remained good-humoured , saying something to his father now and then for the sake of being kind , and looking on with a pitying shrug as he saw him watch Hickes cutting his food .  Mrs Transome thought with some bitterness that Harold showed more feeling for her feeble husband who had never cared in the least about him , than for her , who had given him more than the usual share of mother 'slove .  An hour after dinner , Harold , who had already been turning over the leaves of his mother 'saccount-books , said ,  " I shall just cross the park to the parsonage to see my uncle Lingon .  "  " Very well .  He can answer more questions for you .  "  " Yes , " said Harold , quite deaf to the innuendo , and accepting the words as a simple statement of the fact .  " I want to hear all about the game and the North Loamshire hunt .  I 'mfond of sport ; we had a great deal of it at Smyrna , and it keeps down my fat .  "  The Reverend John Lingon became very talkative over his second bottle of port , which was opened on his nephew 'sarrival .  He was not curious about the manners of Smyrna , or about Harold 'sexperience , but he unbosomed himself very freely as to what he himself liked and disliked , which of the farmers he suspected of killing the foxes , what game he had bagged that very morning , what spot he would recommend as a new cover , and the comparative flatness of all existing sport compared with cock-fighting , under which Old England had been prosperous and glorious , while , so far as he could see , it had gained little by the abolition of a practice which sharpened the faculties of men , gratified the instincts of the fowl , and carried out the designs of heaven in its admirable device of spurs .  From these main topics , which made his points of departure and return , he rambled easily enough at any new suggestion or query ; so that when Harold got home at a late hour , he was conscious of having gathered from amidst the pompous full-toned triviality of his uncle 'schat some impressions which were of practical importance .  Among the Rector 'sdislikes , it appeared , was Mr Matthew Jermyn .  " A fat-handed , glib-tongued fellow , with a scented cambric handkerchief ; one of your educated lowbred fellows ; a foundling who got his Latin for nothing at Christ 'sHospital ; one of your middle-class upstarts who want to rank with gentlemen , and think they 'lldo it with kid gloves and new furniture .  "  But since Harold meant to stand for the county , Mr Lingon was equally emphatic as to the necessity of his not quarrelling with Jermyn till the election was over .  Jermyn must be his agent ; Harold must wink hard till he found himself safely returned ; and even then it might be well to let Jermyn drop gently and raise no scandal .  He himself had no quarrel with the fellow : a clergyman should have no quarrels , and he made it a point to be able to take wine with any man he met at table .  And as to the estate , and his sister 'sgoing too much by Jermyn 'sadvice , he never meddled with business : it was not his duty as a clergyman .  That , he considered , was the meaning of Melchisedec and the tithe , a subject into which he had gone to some depth thirty years ago , when he preached the Visitation sermon .  The discovery that Harold meant to stand on the Liberal side — nay , that he boldly declared himself a Radical — was rather startling ; but to his uncle 'sgood-humour , beatified by the sipping of port-wine , nothing could seem highly objectionable , provided it did not disturb that operation .  In the course of half an hour he had brought himself to see that anything really worthy to be called British Toryism had been entirely extinct since the Duke of Wellington and Sir Robert Peel had passed the Catholic Emancipation Bill ; that Whiggery , with its rights of man stopping short at ten-pound householders , and its policy of pacifying a wild best with a bite , was a ridiculous monstrosity ; that therefore , since an honest man could not call himself a Tory , which it was , in fact , as impossible to be now as to fight for the old Pretender , and could still less become that execrable monstrosity a Whig , there remained but one course open to him .  " Why , lad , if the world was turned into a swamp , I suppose we should leave off shoes and stockings , and walk about like cranes " — whence it followed plainly enough that , in these hopeless times , nothing was left to men of sense and good family but to retard the national ruin by declaring themselves Radicals , and take the inevitable process of changing everything out of the hands of beggarly demagogues and purse-proud tradesmen .  It is true the Rector was helped to this chain of reasoning by Harold 'sremarks ; but he soon became quite ardent in asserting the conclusion .  " If the mob ca n't be turned back , a man of family must try and head the mob , and save a few homes and hearths , and keep the country up on its last legs as long as he can .  And you 'rea man of family , my lad — dash it !  you 'rea Lingon , whatever else you may be , and I 'llstand by you .  I 'veno great interest ; I 'ma poor parson .  I 'vebeen forced to give up hunting ; my pointers and a glass of good wine are the only decencies becoming my station that I can allow myself .  But I 'llgive you my countenance — I 'llstick to you as my nephew .  There 'sno need for me to change sides exactly .  I was born a Tory , and I shall never be a bishop .  But if anybody says you 'rein the wrong , I shall say , ' My nephew is in the right ; he has turned Radical to save his country .  If William Pitt had been living now , he 'dhave done the same ; for what did he say when he was dying ?  Not ' O save my party !  ' but ' O save my country , heaven !  ' That was what they dinned in our ears about Peel and the Duke ; and now I 'llturn it round upon them .  They shall be hoist with their own petrad .  Yes , yes , I 'llstand by you .  "  Harold did not feel sure that his uncle would thoroughly retain this satisfactory thread of argument in the uninspired hours of the morning ; but the old gentleman was sure to take the facts easily in the end , and there was no fear of family coolness or quarrelling on this side .  Harold was glad of it .  He was not to be turned aside from any course he had chosen ; but he disliked all quarrelling as an unpleasant expenditure of energy that could have no good practical result .  He was at once active and luxurious ; fond of mastery , and good-natured enough to wish that every one about him should like his mastery ; not caring greatly to know other people 'sthoughts , and ready to despise them as blockheads if their thoughts differed from his , and yet solicitous that they should have no colourable reason for slight thoughts about him .  The blockheads must be forced to respect him .  Hence , in proportion as he foresaw that his equals in the neighbourhood would be indignant with him for his political choice , he cared keenly about making a good figure before them in every other way .  His conduct as a landholder was to be judicious , his establishment was to be kept up generously , his imbecile father treated with careful regard , his family relations entirely without scandal .  He knew that affairs had been unpleasant in his youth — that there had been ugly lawsuits — and that his scapegrace brother Durfey had helped to lower still farther the depressed condition of the family .  All this must be retrieved , now that events had made Harold the head of the Transome name .  Jermyn must be used for the election , and after that , if he must be got rid of , it would be well to shake him loose quietly : his uncle was probably right on both those points .  But Harold 'sexpectation that he should want to get rid of Jermyn was founded on other reasons than his scented handkerchief and his charity-school Latin .  If the lawyer had been presuming on Mrs Transome 'signorance as a woman , and on the stupid rakishness of the original heir , the new heir would prove to him that he had calculated rashly .  Otherwise , Harold had no prejudice against him .  In his boyhood and youth he had seen Jermyn frequenting Transome Court , but had regarded him with that total indifference with which youngsters are apt to view those who neither deny them pleasures nor give them any .  Jermyn used to smile at him , and speak to him affably ; but Harold , half proud , half shy , got away from such patronage as soon as possible : he knew Jermyn was a man of business ; his father , his uncle , and Sir Maximus Debarry did not regard him as a gentleman and their equal .  He had known no evil of the man ; but he saw now that if he were really a covetous upstart , there had been a temptation for him in the management of the Transome affairs ; and it was clear that the estate was in a bad condition .  When Mr Jermyn was ushered into the breakfast-room the next morning , Harold found him surprisingly little altered by the fifteen years .  He was grey , but still remarkably handsome ; fat , but tall enough to bear that trial to man 'sdignity .  There was as strong a suggestion of toilette about him as if he had been five-and-twenty instead of nearly sixty .  He chose always to dress in black , and was especially addicted to black satin waistcoats , which carried out the general sleekness of his appearance ; and this , together with his white , fat , but beautifully-shaped hands , which he was in the habit of rubbing gently on his entrance into a room , gave him very much the air of a lady 'sphysician .  Harold remembered with some amusement his uncle 'sdislike of those conspicuous hands ; but as his own were soft and dimpled , and as he too was given to the innocent practice of rubbing those members , his suspicions were not yet deepened .  " I congratulate you , Mrs Transome , " said Jermyn , with a soft and deferential smile , " all the more , " he added , turning towards Harold , " now I have the pleasure of actually seeing your son .  I am glad to perceive that an Eastern climate has not been unfavourable to him .  "  " No , " said Harold , shaking Jermyn 'shand carelessly , and speaking with more than his usual rapid brusqueness , " the question is , whether the English climate will agree with me .  It 'sdeuced shifting and damp ; and as for food , it would be the finest thing in the world for this country if the southern cooks would change their religion , get persecuted , and fly to England , as the old silk-weavers did .  "  " There are plenty of foreign cooks for those who are rich enough to pay for them , I suppose , " said Mrs Transome , " but they are unpleasant people to have about one 'shouse .  "  " Gad !  I do n't think so , " said Harold .  " The old servants are sure to quarrel with them .  "  " That 'sno concern of mine .  The old servants will have to put up with my man Dominic , who will show them how to cook and do everything else , in a way that will rather astonish them .  "  " Old people are not so easily taught to change all their ways , Harold .  "  " Well , they can give up and watch the young ones , " said Harold , thinking only at that moment of old Mrs Hickes and Dominic .  But his mother was not thinking of them only .  " You have a valuable servant , it seems , " said Jermyn , who understood Mrs Transome better than her son did , and wished to smoothen the current of their dialogue .  " O !  one of those wonderful southern fellows that make one 'slife easy .  He 'sof no country in particular .  I do n't know whether he 'smost of a Jew , a Greek , an Italian , or a Spaniard .  He speaks five or six languages , one as well as another .  He 'scook , valet , major-domo , and secretary all in one ; and what 'smore , he 'san affectionate fellow — I can trust to his attachment .  That 'sa sort of human specimen that does n't grow here in England , I fancy .  I should have been badly off if I could not have brought Dominic .  "  They sat down to breakfast with such slight talk as this going on .  Each of the party was pre-occupied and uneasy .  Harold 'smind was busy constructing probabilities about what he should discover of Jermyn 'smismanagement or dubious application of funds , and the sort of self-command he must in the worst case exercise in order to use the man as long as he wanted him .  Jermyn was closely observing Harold with an unpleasant sense that there was an expression of acuteness and determination about him which would make him formidable .  He would certainly have preferred at that moment that there had been no second heir of the Transome name to come back upon him from the East .  Mrs Transome was not observing the two men ; rather , her hands were cold , and her whole person shaken by their presence ; she seemed to hear and see what they said and did with preternatural acuteness , and yet she was also seeing and hearing what had been said and done many years before , and feeling a dim terror about the future .  There were piteous sensibilities in this faded woman , who thirty-four years ago , in the splendour of her bloom , had been imperious to one of these men , and had rapturously pressed the other as an infant to her bosom , and now knew that she was of little consequence to either of them .  " Well , what are the prospects about the election ?  " said Harold , as the breakfast was advancing .  " There are two Whigs and one Conservative likely to be in the field , I know .  What is your opinion of the chances ?  "  Mr Jermyn had a copious supply of words , which often led him into periphrase , but he cultivated a hesitating stammer , which , with a handsome impassiveness of face , except when he was smiling at a woman , or when the latent savageness of his nature was thoroughly roused , he had found useful in many relations , especially in business .  No one could have found out that he was not at his ease .  " My opinion , " he replied , " is in a state of balance at present .  This division of the county , you are aware , contains one manufacturing town of the first magnitude , and several smaller ones .  The manufacturing interest is widely dispersed .  So far — a — there is a presumption — a — in favour of the two Liberal candidates .  Still with a careful canvass of the agricultural districts , such as those we have round us at Treby Magna , I think — a — the auguries — a — would not be unfavourable to the return of a Conservative .  A fourth candidate of good position , who should coalesce with Mr Debarry — a — "  Here Mr Jermyn hesitated for the third time , and Harold broke in .  " That will not be my line of action , so we need not discuss it .  If I put up it will be as a Radical ; and I fancy , in any county that would return Whigs there would be plenty of voters to be combed off by a Radical who offered himself with good pretensions .  "  There was the slightest possible quiver discernible across Jermyn 'sface .  Otherwise he sat as he had done before , with his eyes fixed abstractedly on the frill of a ham before him , and his hand trifling with his fork .  He did not answer immediately , but when he did , he looked round steadily at Harold .  " I 'mdelighted to perceive that you have kept yourself so thoroughly acquainted with English politics .  "  " O , of course , " said Harold , impatiently .  " I 'maware how things have been going on in England .  I always meant to come back ultimately .  I suppose I know the state of Europe as well as if I 'dbeen stationary at Little Treby for the last fifteen years .  If a man goes to the East , people seem to think he gets turned into something like the one-eyed calender in the ' Arabian Nights .  ' "  " Yet I should think there are some things which people who have been stationary at Little Treby could tell you , Harold , " said Mrs Transome .  " It did not signify about your holding Radical opinions at Smyrna ; but you seem not to imagine how your putting up as a Radical will affect your position here , and the position of your family .  No one will visit you .  And then — the sort of people who will support you !  You really have no idea what an impression it conveys when you say you are a Radical .  There are none of our equals who will not feel that you have disgraced yourself .  "  " Pooh !  " said Harold , rising and walking along the room .  But Mrs Transome went on with growing anger in her voice — " It seems to me that a man owes something to his birth and station , and has no right to take up this notion or the other , just as it suits his fancy ; still less to work at the overthrow of his class .  That was what every one said of Lord Grey , and my family at least is as good as Lord Grey 's.  You have wealth now , and might distinguish yourself in the county ; and if you had been true to your colours as a gentleman , you would have had all the greater opportunity because the times are so bad .  The Debarrys and Lord Wyvern would have set all the more store by you .  For my part , I ca n't conceive what good you propose to yourself .  I only entreat you to think again before you take any decided step .  "  " Mother , " said Harold , not angrily or with any raising of his voice , but in a quick , impatient manner , as if the scene must be got through as quickly as possible ; " it is natural that you should think in this way .  Women , very properly , do n't change their views , but keep to the notions in which they have been brought up .  It does n't signify what they think — they are not called upon to judge or to act .  You must really leave me to take my own course in these matters , which properly belong to men .  Beyond that , I will gratify any wish you choose to mention .  You shall have a new carriage and a pair of bays all to yourself ; you shall have the house done up in first-rate style , and I am not thinking of marrying .  But let us understand that there shall be no further collision between us on subjects in which I must be master of my own actions .  "  " And you will put the crown to the mortifications of my life , Harold .  I do n't know who would be a mother if she could foresee what a slight thing she will be to her son when she is old .  "  Mrs Transome here walked out of the room by the nearest way — the glass door open towards the terrance .  Mr Jermyn had risen too , and his hands were on the back of his chair .  He looked quite impassive : it was not the first time he had seen Mrs Transome angry ; but now , for the first time , he thought the outburst of her temper would be useful to him .  She , poor woman , knew quite well that she had been unwise , and that she had been making herself disaggreeable to Harold to no purpose .  But half the sorrows of women would be averted if they could repress the speech they know to be useless ; nay , the speech they have resolved not to utter .  Harold continued his walking a moment longer , and then said to Jermyn ,  " You smoke ?  "  " No , I always defer to the ladies .  Mrs Jermyn is peculiarly sensitive in such matters , and does n't like tobacco .  "  Harold , who , underneath all the tendencies which had made him a Liberal , had intense personal pride , thought , " Confound the fellow — with his Mrs Jermyn !  Does he think we are on a footing for me to know anything about his wife ?  "  " Well , I took my hookah before breakfast , " he said aloud ; " so , if you like , we 'llgo into the library .  My father never gets up till mid-day , I find .  "  " Sit down , sit down , " said Harold , as they entered the handsome , spacious library .  But he himself continued to stand before a map of the county which he had opened from a series of rollers occupying a compartment among the book-shelves .  " The first question , Mr Jermyn , now you know my intentions , is , whether you will undertake to be my agent in this election , and help me through ?  There 'sno time to be lost , and I do n't want to lose my chance , as I may not have another for seven years .  I understand , " he went on , flashing a look straight at Jermyn , " that you have not taken any conspicuous course in politics ; and I know that Labron is agent for the Debarrys .  "  " O — a — my dear sir — a man necessarily has his political convictions , but of what use is it for a professional man — a — of some education , to talk of them in a little country town ?  There really is no comprehension of public questions in such places .  Party feeling , indeed , was quite asleep here before the agitation about the Catholic Relief Bill .  It is true that I concurred with our incumbent in getting up a petition against the Reform Bill , but I did not state my reasons .  The weak points in that Bill are — a — too palpable , and I fancy you and I should not differ much on that head .  The fact is , when I knew that you were to come back to us , I kept myself in reserve , though I was much pressed by the friends of Sir James Clement , the Ministerial candidate , who is — "  " However , you will act for me — that 'ssettled ?  " said Harold .  " Certainly , " said Jermyn , inwardly irritated by Harold 'srapid manner of cutting him short .  " Which of the Liberal candidates , as they call themselves , has the better chance , eh ?  "  " I was going to observe that Sir James Clement has not so good a chance as Mr Garstin , supposing that a third Liberal candidate presents himself .  There are two senses in which a politician can be liberal " — here Mr Jermyn smiled — " Sir James Clement is a poor baronet , hoping for an appointment , and ca n't be expected to be liberal in that wider sense which commands majorities .  "  " I wish this man were not so much of a talker , " thought Harold ; " he 'llbore me .  We shall see , " he said aloud , " what can be done in the way of combination .  I 'llcome down to your office after one o'clock , if it will suit you ?  "  " Perfectly .  "  " Ah , and you 'llhave all the lists and papers and necessary information ready for me there .  I must get up a dinner for the tenants , and we can invite whom we like besides the tenants .  Just now , I 'mgoing over one of the farms on hand with the bailiff .  By the way , that 'sa desperately bad business , having three farms unlet — how comes that about , eh ?  "  " That is precisely what I wanted to say a few words about to you .  You have observed already how strongly Mrs Transome takes certain things to heart .  You can imagine that she has been severely tried in many ways .  Mr Transome 'swant of health ; Mr Durfey 'shabits — a — .  "  " Yes , yes .  "  " She is a woman for whom I naturally entertain the highest respect , and she has had hardly any gratification for many years , except the sense of having affairs to a certain extent in her own hands .  She objects to changes ; she will not have a new style of tenants ; she likes the old stock of farmers who milk their own cows , and send their younger daughters out to service : all this makes it difficult to do the best with the estate .  I am aware things are not as they ought to be , for , in point of fact , an improved agricultural management is a matter in which I take considerable interest , and the farm which I myself hold on the estate you will see , I think , to be in a superior condition .  But Mrs Transome is a woman of strong feeling , and I would urge you , my dear sir , to make the changes which you have , but which I had not , the right to insist on , as little painful to her as possible .  "  " I shall know what to do , sir , never fear , " said Harold , much offended .  " You will pardon , I hope , a perhaps undue freedom of suggestion from a man of my age , who has been so long in a close connection with the family affairs — a — I have never considered that connection simply in the light of business — a — " .  " Damn him , I 'llsoon let him know that I do , " thought Harold .  But in proportion as he found Jermyn 'smanners annoying , he felt the necessity of controlling himself .  He despised all persons who defeated their own projects by the indulgence of momentary impulses .  " I understand , I understand , " he said aloud .  " You 'vehad more awkward business on your hands than usually falls to the share of a family lawyer .  We shall set everything right by degrees .  But now as to the canvassing .  I 'vemade arrangements with a first-rate man in London , who understands these matters thoroughly — a solicitor of course — he has carried no end of men into Parliament .  I 'llengage him to meet us at Duffield — say when ?  "  The conversation after this was driven carefully clear of all angles , and ended with determined amicableness .  When Harold , in his ride an hour or two afterwards , encountered his uncle shouldering a gun , and followed by one black and one liver-spotted pointer , his muscular person with its red eagle face set off by a velveteen jacket and leather leggings , Mr Lingon 'sfirst question was ,  " Well , lad , how have you got on with Jermyn ?  "  " O , I do n't think I shall like the fellow .  He 'sa sort of amateur gentleman .  But I must make use of him .  I expect whatever I get out of him will only be something short of fair pay for what he has got out of us .  But I shall see .  "  " Ay , ay , use his gun to bring down your game , and after that beat the thief with the butt-end .  That 'swisdom and justice and pleasure all in one — talking between ourselves , as uncle and nephew .  But I say , Harold , I was going to tell you , now I come to think of it , this is rather a nasty business , your calling yourself a Radical .  I 'vebeen turning it over in after-dinner speeches , but it looks awkward — it 'snot what people are used to — it wants a good deal of Latin to make it go down .  I shall be worried about it at the sessions , and I can think of nothing neat enough to carry about in my pocket by way of answer .  "  " Nonsense , uncle ; I remember what a good speechifier you always were : you 'llnever be at a loss .  You only want a few more evenings to think of it .  "  " But you 'llnot be attacking the Church and the institutions of the country — you 'llnot be going those lengths ; you 'llkeep up the bulwarks , and so on , eh ?  "  " No , I sha n't attack the Church — only the incomes of the bishops , perhaps , to make them eke out the incomes of the poor clergy .  "  " Well , well , I have no objection to that .  Nobody likes our Bishop : he 'sall Greek and greediness ; too proud to dine with his own father .  You may pepper the bishops a little .  But you 'llrespect the constitution handed down , etc. — and you 'llrally round the throne — and the King , God bless him , and the usual toasts , eh ?  "  " Of course , of course .  I am a Radical only in rooting out abuses .  "  " That 'sthe word I wanted , my lad !  " said the Vicar , slapping Harold 'sknee .  " That 'sa spool to wind a speech on .  Abuses is the very word ; and if anybody shows himself offended , he 'llput the cap on for himself .  "  " I remove the rotten timbers , " said Harold , inwardly amused , " and substitute fresh oak , that 'sall .  "  " Well done , my boy !  By George , you 'llbe a speaker .  But , I say , Harold , I hope you 'vegot a little Latin left .  This young Debarry is a tremendous fellow at the classics , and walks on stilts to any length .  He 'sone of the new Conservatives .  Old Sir Maximus does n't understand him at all .  "  " That wo n't do at the hustings , " said Harold .  " He 'llget knocked off his stilts pretty quickly there .  "  " Bless me !  it 'sastonishing how well you 'reup in the affairs of the country , my boy .  But rub up a few quotations — ' Quod turpe bonis decebat Crispinum '— and that sort of thing — just to show Debarry what you could do if you liked .  But you want to ride on ?  "  " Yes ; I have an appointment at Treby .  Goodbye .  "  " He 'sa cleverish chap , " muttered the Vicar , as Harold rode away .  " When he 'shad plenty of English exercise , and brought out his knuckle a bit , he 'llbe a Lingon again as he used to be .  I must go and see how Arabella takes his being a Radical .  It 'sa little awkward ; but a clergyman must keep peace in a family .  Confound it !  I 'mnot bound to love Toryism better than my own flesh and blood , and the manor I shoot over .  That 'sa heathenish , Brutus-like sort of thing , as if Providence could n't take care of the country without my quarrelling with my own sister 'sson !  "  CHAPTER III .  ' Twas town , yet country too ; you felt the warmth Of clustering houses in the wintry time ; Supped with a friend , and went by lantern home . Yet from your chamber window you could hear The tiny bleat of new-yeaned lambs , or see The children bend beside the hedgerow banks To pluck the primroses .  Treby Magna , on which the Reform Bill had thrust the new honour of being a polling-place , had been , at the beginning of the century , quite a typical old market-town , lying in pleasant sleepiness among green pastures , with a rush-fringed river meandering through them .  Its principal street had various handsome and tall-windowed brick houses with walled gardens behind them ; and at the end , where it widened into the marketplace , there was the cheerful rough-stuccoed front of that excellent inn , the Marquis of Granby , where the farmers put up their gigs , not only on fair and market days , but on exceptional Sundays when they came to church .  And the church was one of those fine old English structures worth travelling to see , standing in a broad churchyard with a line of solemn yew-trees beside it , and lifting a majestic tower and spire far above the red-and-purple roofs of the town .  It was not large enough to hold all the parishioners of a parish which stretched over distant villages and hamlets ; but then they were never so unreasonable as to wish to be all in at once , and had never complained that the space of a large side-chapel was taken up by the tombs of the Debarrys , and shut in by a handsome iron screen .  For when the black Benedictines ceased to pray and chant in this church , when the Blessed Virgin and St Gregory were expelled , the Debarrys , as lords of the manor , naturally came next to Providence and took the place of the saints .  Long before that time , indeed , there had been a Sir Maximus Debarry who had been at the fortifying of the old castle , which now stood in ruins in the midst of the green pastures , and with its sheltering wall towards the north made an excellent strawyard for the pigs of Wace + Co. , brewers of the celebrated Treby beer .  Wace + Co. did not stand alone in the town as prosperous traders on a large scale , to say nothing of those who had retired from business ; and in no country town of the same small size as Treby was there a larger proportion of families who had handsome sets of china without handles , hereditary punch-bowls , and large silver ladles with a Queen Anne 'sguinea in the centre .  Such people naturally took tea and supped together frequently ; and as there was no professional man or tradesman in Treby who was not connected by business , if not by blood , with the farmers of the district , the richer sort of these were much invited , and gave invitations in their turn .  They played at whist , ate and drank generously , praised Mr Pitt and the war as keeping up prices and religion , and were very humorous about each other 'sproperty , having much the same coy pleasure in allusions to their secret ability to purchase , as blushing lasses sometimes have in jokes about their secret preferences .  The Rector was always of the Debarry family , associated only with county people , and was much respected for his affability ; a clergyman who would have taken tea with the towns-people would have given a dangerous shock to the mind of a Treby Churchman .  Such was the old-fashioned , grazing , brewing , wool-packing , cheese-loading life of Treby Magna , until there befell new conditions , complicating its relation with the rest of the world , and gradually awakening in it that higher consciousness which is known to bring higher pains .  First came the canal ; next , the working of the coal-mines at Sproxton , two miles off the town ; and , thirdly , the discovery of a saline spring , which suggested to a too constructive brain the possibility of turning Treby Magna into a fashionable watering-place .  So daring an idea was not originated by a native Trebian , but by a young lawyer who came from a distance , knew the dictionary by heart , and was probably an illegitimate son of somebody or other .  The idea , although it promised an increase of wealth to the town , was not well received at first ; ladies objected to seeing " objects " drawn about in hand-carriages , the doctor foresaw the advent of unsound practitioners , and most retail tradesmen concurred with him that new doings were usually for the advantage of new people .  The more unanswerable reasoners urged that Treby had prospered without baths , and it was yet to be seen how it would prosper with them ; while a report that the proposed name for them was Bethesda Spa , threatened to give the whole affair a blasphemous aspect .  Even Sir Maximus Debarry , who was to have an unprecedented return for the thousands he would lay out on a pump-room and hotel , regarded the thing as a little too new , and held back for some time .  But the persuasive powers of the young lawyer , Mr Matthew Jermyn , together with the opportune opening of a stone-quarry , triumphed at last ; the handsome buildings were erected , an excellent guide-book and descriptive cards , surmounted by vignettes , were printed , and Treby Magna became conscious of certain facts in its own history , of which it had previously been in contented ignorance .  But it was all in vain .  The Spa , for some mysterious reason , did not succeed .  Some attributed the failure to the coal-mines and the canal , others to the peace , which had had ruinous effects on the country , and others , who disliked Jermyn , to the original folly of the plan .  Among these last was Sir Maximus himself , who never forgave the too persuasive attorney : it was Jermyn 'sfault not only that a useless hotel had been built , but that he , Sir Maximus , being straitened for money , had at last let the building , with the adjacent land lying on the river , on a long lease , on the supposition that it was to be turned into a benevolent college , and had seen himself subsequently powerless to prevent its being turned into a tape manufactory — a bitter thing to any gentleman , and especially to the representative of one of the oldest families in England .  In this way it happened that Treby Magna gradually passed from being simply a respectable market-town — the heart of a great rural district , where the trade was only such as had close relations with the local landed interest — and took on the more complex life brought by mines and manufactures , which belong more directly to the great circulating system of the nation than to the local system to which they have been superadded ; and in this way it was that Trebian Dissent gradually altered its character .  Formerly it had been of a quiescent , well-to-do kind , represented architecturally by a small , venerable , dark-pewed chapel , built by Presbyterians , but long occupied by a sparse congregation of Independents , who were as little moved by doctrinal zeal as their church-going neighbours , and did not feel themselves deficient in religious liberty , inasmuch as they were not hindered from occasionally slumbering in their pews , and were not obliged to go regularly to the weekly prayer-meeting .  But when stone-pits and coal-pits made new hamlets that threatened to spread up to the very town , when the tape-weavers came with their news-reading inspectors and book-keepers , the Independent chapel began to be filled with eager men and women , to whom the exceptional possession of religious truth was the condition which reconciled them to a meagre existence , and made them feel in secure alliance with the unseen but supreme rule of a world in which their own visible part was small .  There were Dissenters in Treby now who could not be regarded by the Church people in the light of old neighbours to whom the habit of going to chapel was an innocent , unenviable inheritance along with a particular house and garden , a tan-yard , or a grocery business — Dissenters who , in their turn , without meaning to be in the least abusive , spoke of the high-bred Rector as a blind leader of the blind .  And Dissent was not the only thing that the times had altered ; prices had fallen , poor-rates had risen , rent and tithe were not elastic enough , and the farmer 'sfat sorrow had become lean ; he began to speculate on causes , and to trace things back to that causeless mystery , the cessation of one-pound notes .  Thus , when political agitation swept in a great current through the country , Treby Magna was prepared to vibrate .  The Catholic Emancipation Bill opened the eyes of neighbours , and made them aware how very injurious they were to each other and to the welfare of mankind generally .  Mr Tiliot , the Church spirit-merchant , knew now that Mr Nuttwood , the obliging grocer , was one of those Dissenters , Deists , Socinians , Papists , and Radicals , who were in league to destroy the Constitution .  A retired old London tradesman , who was believed to understand politics , said that thinking people must wish George the Third alive again in all his early vigour of mind ; and even the farmers became less materialistic in their view of causes , and referred much to the agency of the devil and the Irish Romans .  The Rector , the Rev. Augustus Debarry , really a fine specimen of the old-fashioned aristocratic clergyman , preaching short sermons , understanding business , and acting liberally about his tithe , had never before found himself in collision with Dissenters ; but now he began to feel that these people were a nuisance in the parish , that his brother Sir Maximus must take care lest they should get land to build more chapels , and that it might not have been a bad thing if the law had furnished him as a magistrate with a power of putting a stop to the political sermons of the Independent preacher , which , in their way , were as pernicious sources of intoxication as the beerhouses .  The Dissenters , on their side , were not disposed to sacrifice the cause of truth and freedom to a temporising mildness of language ; but they defended themselves from the charge of religious indifference , and solemnly disclaimed any lax expectations that Catholics were likely to be saved — urging , on the contrary , that they were not too hopeful about Protestants who adhered to a bloated and worldly Prelacy .  Thus Treby Magna , which had lived quietly through the great earthquakes of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars , which had remained unmoved by the ' Rights of Man , ' and saw little in Mr Cobbett 's' Weekly Register ' except that he held eccentric views about potatoes , began at last to know the higher pains of a dim political consciousness ; and the development had been greatly helped by the recent agitation about the Reform Bill .  Tory , Whig , and Radical did not perhaps become clearer in their definition of each other ; but the names seemed to acquire so strong a stamp of honour or infamy , that definitions would only have weakened the impression .  As to the short and easy method of judging opinions by the personal character of those who held them , it was liable to be much frustrated in Treby .  It so happened in that particular town that the Reformers were not all of them large-hearted patriots or ardent lovers of justice ; indeed , one of them , in the very midst of the agitation , was detected in using unequal scales — a fact to which many Tories pointed with disgust as showing plainly enough , without further argument , that the cry for a change in the representative system was hollow trickery .  Again , the Tories were far from being all oppressors , disposed to grind down the working classes into serfdom ; and it was undeniable that the inspector at the tape manufactory , who spoke with much eloquence on the extension of the suffrage , was a more tyrannical personage than open-handed Mr Wace , whose chief political tenet was , that it was all nonsense giving men votes when they had no stake in the country .  On the other hand , there were some Tories who gave themselves a great deal of leisure to abuse hypocrites , Radicals , Dissenters , and atheism generally , but whose inflamed faces , theistic swearing , and frankness in expressing a wish to borrow , certainly did not mark them out strongly as holding opinions likely to save society .  The Reformers had triumphed : it was clear that the wheels were going whither they were pulling , and they were in fine spirits for exertion .  But if they were pulling towards the country 'sruin , there was the more need for others to hang on behind and get the wheels to stick if possible .  In Treby , as elsewhere , people were told they must " rally " at the coming election ; but there was now a large number of waverers — men of flexible , practical minds , who were not such bigots as to cling to any views when a good tangible reason could be urged against them ; while some regarded it as the most neighbourly thing to hold a little with both sides , and were not sure that they should rally or vote at all .  It seemed an invidious thing to vote for one gentleman rather than another .  These social changes in Treby parish are comparatively public matters , and this history is chiefly concerned with the private lot of a few men and women ; but there is no private life which has not been determined by a wider public life , from the time when the primeval milkmaid had to wander with the wanderings of her clan , because the cow she milked was one of a herd which had made the pastures bare .  Even in that conservatory existence where the fair Camelia is sighed for by the noble young Pine-apple , neither of them needing to care about the frost or rain outside , there is a nether apparatus of hot-water pipes liable to cool down on a strike of the gardeners or a scarcity of coal .  And the lives we are about to look back upon do not belong to those conservatory species ; they are rooted in the common earth , having to endure all the ordinary chances of past and present weather .  As to the weather of 1832 , the Zadkiel of that time had predicted that the electrical condition of the clouds in the political hemisphere would produce unusual perturbations in organic existence , and he would perhaps have seen a fulfilment of his remarkable prophecy in that mutual influence of dissimilar destinies which we shall see gradually unfolding itself .  For if the mixed political conditions of Treby Magna had not been acted on by the passing of the Reform Bill , Mr Harold Transome would not have presented himself as a candidate for North Loamshire , Treby would not have been a polling-place , Mr Matthew Jermyn would not have been on affable terms with a Dissenting preacher and his flock , and the venerable town would not have been placarded with handbills , more or less complimentary and retrospective — conditions in this case essential to the " where , " and the " what , " without which , as the learned know , there can be no event whatever .  For example , it was through these conditions that a young man named Felix Holt made a considerable difference in the life of Harold Transome , though nature and fortune seemed to have done what they could to keep the lots of the two men quite aloof from each other .  Felix was heir to nothing better than a quack medicine ; his mother lived up a back street in Treby Magna , and her sitting-room was ornamented with her best tea-tray and several framed testimonials to the virtues of Holt 'sCathartic Lozenges and Holt 'sRestorative Elixir .  There could hardly have been a lot less like Harold Transome 'sthan this of the quack doctor 'sson , except in the superficial facts that he called himself a Radical , that he was the only son of his mother , and that he had lately returned to his home with ideas and resolves not a little disturbing to that mother 'smind .  But Mrs Holt , unlike Mrs Transome , was much disposed to reveal her troubles , and was not without a counsellor into whose ear she could pour them .  On this 2d of September , when Mr Harold Transome had had his first interview with Jermyn , and when the attorney went back to his office with new views of canvassing in his mind , Mrs Holt had put on her bonnet as early as nine o'clock in the morning , and had gone to see the Rev. Rufus Lyon , minister of the Independent Chapel usually spoken of as " Malthouse Yard .  "  CHAPTER IV .  " A pious and painful preacher . " — Fuller .  Mr Lyon lived in a small house , not quite so good as the parish clerk 's, adjoining the entry which led to the Chapel Yard .  The new prosperity of Dissent at Treby had led to an enlargement of the chapel , which absorbed all extra funds and left none for the enlargement of the minister 'sincome .  He sat this morning , as usual , in a low up-stairs room , called his study , which , by means of a closet capable of holding his bed , served also as a sleeping-room .  The book-shelves did not suffice for his store of old books , which lay about him in piles so arranged as to leave narrow lanes between them ; for the minister was much given to walking about during his hours of meditation , and very narrow passages would serve for his small legs , unencumbered by any other drapery than his black silk stockings and the flexible , though prominent , bows of black ribbon that tied his knee-breeches .  He was walking about now , with his hands clasped behind him , an attitude in which his body seemed to bear about the same proportion to his head as the lower part of a stone Hermes bears to the carven image that crowns it .  His face looked old and worn , yet the curtain of hair that fell from his bald crown and hung about his neck retained much of its original auburn tint , and his large , brown , shortsighted eyes were still clear and bright .  At the first glance , every one thought him a very odd-looking rusty old man ; the free-school boys often hooted after him , and called him " Revelations ; " and to many respectable Church people , old Lyon 'slittle legs and large head seemed to make Dissent additionally preposterous .  But he was too shortsighted to notice those who tittered at him — too absent from the world of small facts and petty impulses in which titterers live .  With Satan to argue against on matters of vital experience as well as of church government , with great texts to meditate on , which seemed to get deeper as he tried to fathom them , it had never occurred to him to reflect what sort of image his small person made on the retina of a light-minded beholder .  The good Rufus had his ire and his egoism ; but they existed only as the red heat which gave force to his belief and his teaching .  He was susceptible concerning the true office of deacons in the primitive church , and his small nervous body was jarred from head to foot by the concussion of an argument to which he saw no answer .  In fact , the only moments when he could be said to be really conscious of his body , were when he trembled under the pressure of some agitating thought .  He was meditating on the text for his Sunday morning sermon : " And all the people said , Amen " — a mere mustard-seed of a text , which had split at first only into two divisions , " What was said , " and " Who said it ; " but these were growing into a many-branched discourse , and the preacher 'seyes dilated , and a smile played about his mouth till , as his manner was , when he felt happily inspired , he had begun to utter his thoughts aloud in the varied measure and cadence habitual to him , changing from a rapid but distinct undertone to a loud emphatic rallentando .  " My brethren , do you think that great shout was raised in Israel by each man 'swaiting to say ' amen ' till his neighbours had said amen ?  Do you think there will ever be a great shout for the right — the shout of a nation as of one man , rounded and whole , like the voice of the archangel that bound together all the listeners of earth and heaven — if every Christian of you peeps round to see what his neighbours in good coats are doing , or else puts his hat before his face that he may shout and never be heard ?  But this is what you do : when the servant of God stands up to deliver his message , do you lay your souls beneath the Word as you set out your plants beneath the falling rain ?  No ; one of you sends his eyes to all corners , he smothers his soul with small questions , ' What does brother Y .  think ?  ' ' Is this doctrine high enough for brother Z .  ?  ' ' Will the church members be pleased ?  ' And another — "  Here the door was opened , and old Lyddy , the minister 'sservant , put in her head to say , in a tone of despondency , finishing with a groan , " Here is Mrs Holt wanting to speak to you ; she says she comes out of season , but she 'sin trouble .  "  " Lyddy , " said Mr Lyon , falling at once into a quiet conversational tone , " if you are wrestling with the enemy , let me refer you to Ezekiel the thirteenth and twenty-second , and beg of you not to groan .  It is a stumbling-block and offence to my daughter ; she would take no broth yesterday , because she said you had cried into it .  Thus you cause the truth to be lightly spoken of , and make the enemy rejoice .  If your face-ache gives him an advantage , take a little warm ale with your meat — I do not grudge the money .  "  " If I thought my drinking warm ale would hinder poor dear Miss Esther from speaking light — but she hates the smell of it .  "  " Answer not again , Lyddy , but send up Mistress Holt to me .  "  Lyddy closed the door immediately .  " I lack grace to deal with these weak sisters , " said the minister , again thinking aloud , and walking .  " Their needs lie too much out of the track of my meditations , and take me often unawares .  Mistress Holt is another who darkens counsel by words without knowledge , and angers the reason of the natural man .  Lord , give me patience .  My sins were heavier to bear than this woman 'sfolly .  Come in , Mistress Holt , come in .  "  He hastened to disencumber a chair of Matthew Henry 'sCommentary , and begged his visitor to be seated .  She was a tall elderly woman , dressed in black , with a light-brown front and a black band over her forehead .  She moved the chair a little and seated herself in it with some emphasis , looking fixedly at the opposite wall with a hurt and argumentative expression .  Mr Lyon had placed himself in the chair against his desk , and waited with the resolute resignation of a patient who is about to undergo an operation .  But his visitor did not speak .  " You have something on your mind , Mistress Holt ?  " he said , at last .  " Indeed I have , sir , else I should n't be here .  "  " Speak freely .  "  " It 'swell known to you , Mr Lyon , that my husband , Mr Holt , came from the north , and was a member in Malthouse Yard long before you began to be pastor of it , which was seven year ago last Michaelmas .  It 'sthe truth , Mr Lyon , and I 'mnot that woman to sit here and say it if it was n't true .  "  " Certainly , it is true .  "  " And if my husband had been alive when you 'dcome to preach upon trial , he 'dhave been as good a judge of your gifts as Mr Nuttwood or Mr Muscat , though whether he 'dhave agreed with some that your doctrine was n't high enough , I ca n't say .  For myself , I 'vemy opinion about high doctrine .  "  " Was it my preaching you came to speak about ?  " said the minister , hurrying in the question .  " No , Mr Lyon , I 'mnot that woman .  But this I will say , for my husband died before your time , that he had a wonderful gift in prayer , as the old members well know , if anybody likes to ask ' em , not believing my words ; and he believed himself that the receipt for the Cancer Cure , which I 'vesent out in bottles till this very last April before September as now is , and have bottles standing by me , — he believed it was sent him in answer to prayer ; and nobody can deny it , for he prayed most regular , and read out of the green baize Bible .  "  Mrs Holt paused , appearing to think that Mr Lyon had been successfully confuted , and should show himself convinced .  " Has any one been aspersing your husband 'scharacter ?  " said Mr Lyon , with a slight initiative towards that relief of groaning for which he had reproved Lyddy .  " Sir , they dared n't .  For though he was a man of prayer , he did n't want skill and knowledge to find things out for himself ; and that was what I used to say to my friends when they wondered at my marrying a man from Lancashire , with no trade nor fortune but what he 'dgot in his head .  But my husband 'stongue 'ud have been a fortune to anybody , and there was many a one said it was as good as a dose of physic to hear him talk ; not but what that got him into trouble in Lancashire , but he always said , if the worst came to the worst , he could go and preach to the blacks .  But he did better than that , Mr Lyon , for he married me ; and this I will say , that for age , and conduct , and managing — "  " Mistress Holt , " interrupted the minister , " these are not the things whereby we may edify one another .  Let me beg of you to be as brief as you can .  My time is not my own .  "  " Well , Mr Lyon , I 'vea right to speak to my own character ; and I 'mone of your congregation , though I 'mnot a church member , for I was born in the general Baptist connection : and as for being saved without works , there 'sa many , I daresay , ca n't do without that doctrine ; but I thank the Lord I never needed to put my self on a level with the thief on the cross .  I 'vedone my duty , and more , if anybody comes to that ; for I 'vegone without my bit of meat to make broth for a sick neighbour : and if there 'sany of the church members say they 'vedone the same , I 'dask them if they had the sinking at the stomach as I have ; for I 'veever strove to do the right thing , and more , for good-natured I always was ; and I little thought , after being respected by everybody , I should come to be reproached by my own son .  And my husband said , when he was a-dying — ' Mary , ' he said , ' the Elixir , and the Pills , and the Cure will support you , for they 'vea great name in all the country round , and you 'llpray for a blessing on them .  ' And so I have done , Mr Lyon ; and to say they 'renot good medicines , when they 'vebeen taken for fifty miles round by high and low , and rich and poor , and nobody speaking against ' em but Dr Lukin , it seems to me it 'sa flying in the face of Heaven ; for if it was wrong to take the medicines , could n't the blessed Lord have stopped it ?  "  Mrs Holt was not given to tears ; she was much sustained by conscious unimpeachableness , and by an argumentative tendency which usually checks the too great activity of the lachrymal gland ; nevertheless her eyes had become moist , her fingers played on her knee in an agitated manner , and she finally plucked a bit of her gown and held it with great nicety between her thumb and finger .  Mr Lyon , however , by listening attentively , had begun partly to divine the source of her trouble .  " Am I wrong in gathering from what you say , Mistress Holt , that your son has objected in some way to your sale of your late husband 'smedicines ?  "  " Mr Lyon , he 'smasterful beyond everything , and he talks more than his father did .  I 'vegot my reason , Mr Lyon , and if anybody talks sense I can follow him ; but Felix talks so wild , and contradicts his mother .  And what do you think he says , after giving up his 'prenticeship , and going off to study at Glasgow , and getting through all the bit of money his father saved for his bringing-up — what has all his learning come to ?  He says I 'dbetter never open my Bible , for it 'sas bad poison to me as the pills are to half the people as swallow 'em .  You 'llnot speak of this again , Mr Lyon — I do n't think ill enough of you to believe that .  For I suppose a Christian can understand the word o 'God without going to Glasgow , and there 'stexts upon texts about ointment and medicine , and there 'sone as might have been made for a receipt of my husband 's— it 'sjust as if it was a riddle , and Holt 'sElixir was the answer .  "  " Your son uses rash words , Mistress Holt , " said the minister , " but it is quite true that we may err in giving a too private interpretation to the Scripture .  The word of God has to satisfy the larger needs of His people , like the rain and the sunshine — which no man must think to be meant for his own patch of seed-ground solely .  Will it not be well that I should see your son , and talk with him on these matters ?  He was at chapel , I observed , and I suppose I am to be his pastor .  "  " That was what I wanted to ask you , Mr Lyon .  For perhaps he 'lllisten to you , and not talk you down as he does his poor mother .  For after we 'dbeen to chapel , he spoke better of you than he does of most : he said you was a fine old fellow , and an old-fashioned Puritan — he uses dreadful language , Mr Lyon ; but I saw he did n't mean you ill , for all that .  He calls most folks 'religion rottenness ; and yet another time he 'lltell me I ought to feel myself a sinner , and do God 'swill and not my own .  But it 'smy belief he says first one thing and then another only to abuse his mother .  Or else he 'sgoing off his head , and must be sent to a ' sylum .  But if he writes to the North Loamshire Herald first , to tell everybody the medicines are good for nothing , how can I ever keep him and myself ?  "  " Tell him I shall feel favoured if he will come and see me this evening , " said Mr Lyon , not without a little prejudice in favour of the young man , whose language about the preacher in Malthouse Yard did not seem to him to be altogether dreadful .  " Meanwhile , my friend , I counsel you to send up a supplication , which I shall not fail to offer also , that you may receive a spirit of humility and submission , so that you may not be hindered from seeing and following the Divine guidance in this matter by any false lights of pride and obstinacy .  Of this more when I have spoken with your son .  "  " I 'mnot proud or obstinate , Mr Lyon .  I never did say I was everything that was bad , and I never will .  And why this trouble should be sent on me above everybody else — for I have n't told you all .  He 'smade himself a journeyman to Mr Prowd the watchmaker — after all this learning — and he says he 'llgo with patches on his knees , and he shall like himself the better .  And as for his having little boys to teach , they 'llcome in all weathers with dirty shoes .  If it 'smadness , Mr Lyon , it 'sno use your talking to him .  "  " We shall see .  Perhaps it may even be the disguised working of grace within him .  We must not judge rashly .  Many eminent servants of God have been led by ways as strange .  "  " Then I 'msorry for their mothers , that 'sall , Mr Lyon ; and all the more if they 'dbeen well-spoken-on women .  For not my biggest enemy , whether it 'she or she , if they 'llspeak the truth , can turn round and say I 'vedeserved this trouble .  And when everybody gets their due , and people 'sdoing are spoke of on the house-tops , as the Bible says they will be , it 'llbe known what I 'vegone through with those medicines — the pounding , and the pouring , and the letting stand , and the weighing — up early and down late — there 'snobody knows yet but One that 'sworthy to know ; and the pasting o ' the printed labels right side upwards .  There 'sfew women would have gone through with it ; and it 'sreasonable to think it 'llbe made up to me ; for if there 'spromised and purchased blessings , I should think this trouble is purchasing ' em .  For if my son Felix does n't have a strait-waistcoat put on him , he 'llhave his way .  But I say no more .  I wish you good morning , Mr Lyon , and thank you , though I well know it 'syour duty to act as you 'redoing .  And I never troubled you about my own soul , as some do who look down on me for not being a church member .  "  " Farewell , Mistress Holt , farewell .  I pray that a more powerful teacher than I am may instruct you .  "  The door was closed , and the much-tried Rufus walked about again , saying aloud , groaningly ,  " This woman has sat under the Gospel all her life , and she is as blind as a heathen , and as proud and stiff-necked as a Pharisee ; yet she is one of the souls I watch for .  ' Tis true that even Sara , the chosen mother of God 'speople , showed a spirit of unbelief , and perhaps of selfish anger ; and it is a passage that bears the unmistakable signet , ' doing honour to the wife or woman , as unto the weaker vessel .  ' For therein is the greatest check put on the ready scorn of the natural man .  "  CHAPTER V.  Sir , there 'sa hurry in the veins of youth That makes a vice of virtue by excess .  What if the coolness of our tardier veins Be loss of virtue ?  All things cool with time — The sun itself , they say , till heat shall find A general level , nowhere in excess .  ' Tis a poor climax , to my weaker thought , That future middlingness .  In the evening , when Mr Lyon was expecting the knock at the door that would announce Felix Holt , he occupied his cushionless arm-chair in the sitting-room , and was skimming rapidly , in his short-sighted way , by the light of one candle , the pages of a missionary report , emitting occasionally a slight " Hm-m " that appeared to be expressive of criticism rather than of approbation .  The room was dismally furnished , the only objects indicating an intention of ornament being a bookcase , a map of the Holy Land , an engraved portrait of Dr Doddridge , and a black bust with a coloured face , which for some reason or other was covered with green gauze .  Yet any one whose attention was quite awake must have been aware , even on entering , of certain things that were incongruous with the general air of sombreness and privation .  There was a delicate scent of dried rose-leaves ; the light by which the minister was reading was a wax-candle in a white earthenware candlestick , and the table on the opposite side of the fireplace held a dainty work-basket frilled with blue satin .  Felix Holt , when he entered , was not in an observant mood ; and when , after seating himself , at the minister 'sinvitation , near the little table which held the work-basket , he stared at the wax-candle opposite to him , he did so without any wonder or consciousness that the candle was not of tallow .  But the minister 'ssensitiveness gave another interpretation to the gaze which he divined rather than saw ; and in alarm lest this inconsistent extravagance should obstruct his usefulness , he hastened to say —  " You are doubtless amazed to see me with a wax-light , my young friend ; but this undue luxury is paid for with the earnings of my daughter , who is so delicately framed that the smell of tallow is loathsome to her .  "  " I heeded not the candle , sir .  I thank Heaven I am not a mouse to have a nose that takes note of wax or tallow .  "  The loud abrupt tones made the old man vibrate a little .  He had been stroking his chin gently before , with a sense that he must be very quiet and deliberate in his treatment of the eccentric young man ; but now , quite unreflectingly , he drew forth a pair of spectacles , which he was in the habit of using when he wanted to observe his interlocutor more closely than usual .  " And I myself , in fact , am equally indifferent , " he said , as he opened and adjusted his glasses , " so that I have a sufficient light on my book .  " Here his large eyes looked discerningly through the spectacles .  " ' Tis the quality of the page you care about , not of the candle , " said Felix , smiling pleasantly enough at his inspector .  " You 'rethinking that you have a roughly-written page before you now .  "  That was true .  The minister , accustomed to the respectable air of provincial townsmen , and especially to the sleek well-clipped gravity of his own male congregation , felt a slight shock as his glasses made perfectly clear to him the shaggy-headed , large-eyed , strong-limbed person of this questionable young man , without waistcoat or cravat .  But the possibility , supported by some of Mrs Holt 'swords , that a disguised work of grace might be going forward in the son of whom she complained so bitterly , checked any hasty interpretations .  " I abstain from judging by the outward appearance only , " he answered , with his usual simplicity .  " I myself have experienced that when the spirit is much exercised it is difficult to remember neckbands and strings and such small accidents of our vesture , which are nevertheless decent and needful so long as we sojourn in the flesh .  And you too , my young friend , as I gather from your mother 'stroubled and confused report , are undergoing some travail of mind .  You will not , I trust , object to open yourself fully to me , as to an aged pastor who has himself had much inward wrestling , and has especially known much temptation from doubt .  "  " As to doubt , " said Felix , loudly and brusquely as before , " if it is those absurd medicines and gulling advertisements that my mother has been talking of to you — and I suppose it is — I 'veno more doubt about them than I have about pocket-picking .